利用Python脚本生成sitemap.xml的实现方法

yipeiwu_com7年前Python基础

安装lxml

首先需要pip install lxml安装lxml库。

如果你在ubuntu上遇到了以下错误:

#include "libxml/xmlversion.h"
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
 Removing temporary dir /tmp/pip_build_root...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
  status = self.run(options, args)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
  requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
  requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 706, in install
  cwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)
 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/util.py", line 697, in call_subprocess
  % (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml

请安装以下依赖:

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev

Python代码

下面是生成sitemap和sitemapindex索引的代码,可以按照需求传入需要的参数,或者增加字段:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import io
import re
from lxml import etree


def generate_xml(filename, url_list):
  """Generate a new xml file use url_list"""
  root = etree.Element('urlset',
             xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
  for each in url_list:
    url = etree.Element('url')
    loc = etree.Element('loc')
    loc.text = each
    url.append(loc)
    root.append(url)

  header = u'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n'
  s = etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True)
  with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(unicode(header+s))


def update_xml(filename, url_list):
  """Add new url_list to origin xml file."""
  f = open(filename, 'r')
  lines = [i.strip() for i in f.readlines()]
  f.close()

  old_url_list = []
  for each_line in lines:
    d = re.findall('<loc>(http:\/\/.+)<\/loc>', each_line)
    old_url_list += d
  url_list += old_url_list

  generate_xml(filename, url_list)


def generatr_xml_index(filename, sitemap_list, lastmod_list):
  """Generate sitemap index xml file."""
  root = etree.Element('sitemapindex',
             xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
  for each_sitemap, each_lastmod in zip(sitemap_list, lastmod_list):
    sitemap = etree.Element('sitemap')
    loc = etree.Element('loc')
    loc.text = each_sitemap
    lastmod = etree.Element('lastmod')
    lastmod.text = each_lastmod
    sitemap.append(loc)
    sitemap.append(lastmod)
    root.append(sitemap)

  header = u'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n'
  s = etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True)
  with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(unicode(header+s))


if __name__ == '__main__':
  urls = ['http://www.baidu.com'] * 10
  mods = ['2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00'] * 10
  generatr_xml_index('index.xml', urls, mods)

效果

生成的效果应该是这种格式:

sitemap格式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
 <url>
  <loc>http://www.example.com/foo.html</loc>
 </url>
</urlset>

sitemapindex格式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
  <sitemap>
   <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap1.xml.gz</loc>
   <lastmod>2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  <sitemap>
   <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap2.xml.gz</loc>
   <lastmod>2005-01-01</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  </sitemapindex>

lastmod时间格式的问题

格式是用ISO 8601的标准,如果是linux/unix系统,可以使用以下函数获取

def get_lastmod_time(filename):
  time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
  t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
  # return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S+08:00', t)
  return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', t)

优化

一般来说,用lxml效率低并且内存占用比较大,可以直接用文件的write方法创建。

def generate_xml(filename, url_list):
  with gzip.open(filename,"w") as f:
    f.write("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">\n""")
    for i in url_list:
      f.write("""<url><loc>%s</loc></url>\n"""%i)
    f.write("""</urlset>""")


def append_xml(filename, url_list):
  with gzip.open(filename, 'r') as f:
    for each_line in f:
      d = re.findall('<loc>(http:\/\/.+)<\/loc>', each_line)
      url_list.extend(d)

    generate_xml(filename, set(url_list))


def modify_time(filename):
  time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
  t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
  return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S:%SZ', t)


def new_xml(filename, url_list):
  generate_xml(filename, url_list)
  root = dirname(filename)

  with open(join(dirname(root), "sitemap.xml"),"w") as f:
    f.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">\n')
    for i in glob.glob(join(root,"*.xml.gz")):
      lastmod = modify_time(i)
      i = i[len(CONFIG.SITEMAP_PATH):]
      f.write("<sitemap>\n<loc>http:/%s</loc>\n"%i)
      f.write("<lastmod>%s</lastmod>\n</sitemap>\n"%lastmod)
    f.write('</sitemapindex>')

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家学习或者使用python能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。谢谢大家对【听图阁-专注于Python设计】的支持。

相关文章

Python网络编程 Python套接字编程

Python网络编程 Python套接字编程

Python 提供了两个级别访问的网络服务。 低级别的网络服务支持基本的 Socket,它提供了标准的 BSD Sockets API,可以访问底层操作系统Socket接口的全部方法。...

Python时间戳与时间字符串互相转换实例代码

复制代码 代码如下:#设a为字符串import timea = "2011-09-28 10:00:00" #中间过程,一般都需要将字符串转化为时间数组time.strptime(a,'...

Python将多个excel文件合并为一个文件

Python将多个excel文件合并为一个文件

利用Python,将多个excel文件合并为一个文件 思路 利用python xlrd包读取excle文件,然后将文件内容存入一个列表中,再利用xlsxwriter将内容写入到一个新...

深入解析Python小白学习【操作列表】

1.遍历列表 需要对列表中的每个元素都执行相同的操作时,可使用for 循环: magicians = ['alice','david','carolina'] for magicia...

python实现简单登陆流程的方法

python实现简单登陆流程的方法

登陆流程图: 代码实现: #-*- coding=utf-8 -*- import os,sys,getpass ''' user.txt 格式 账号 密码 是否锁定 错误次数 j...