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本文实例讲述了Python3编程实现获取阿里云ECS实例及监控的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python3.5
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
try: import httplib
except ImportError:
  import http.client as httplib
import sys,datetime
import urllib
import urllib.request
import urllib.error
import urllib.parse
import time
import json
import base64
import hmac,ssl
import uuid
from hashlib import sha1
# 解决 访问ssl网站证书的问题
try:
  _create_unverified_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
except AttributeError:
  # Legacy Python that doesn't verify HTTPS certificates by default
  pass
else:
  # Handle target environment that doesn't support HTTPS verification
  ssl._create_default_https_context = _create_unverified_https_context
class aliyunclient:
  def __init__(self):
    self.access_id = '阿里云access_id'
    self.access_secret ='阿里云secret'
    #监控获取ECS URL
    self.url = 'https://ecs.aliyuncs.com'
  # #签名
  def sign(self,accessKeySecret, parameters):
    sortedParameters = sorted(parameters.items(), key=lambda parameters: parameters[0])
    canonicalizedQueryString = ''
    for (k,v) in sortedParameters:
      canonicalizedQueryString += '&' + self.percent_encode(k) + '=' + self.percent_encode(v)
    stringToSign = 'GET&%2F&' + self.percent_encode(canonicalizedQueryString[1:]) # 使用get请求方法
    bs = accessKeySecret +'&'
    bs = bytes(bs,encoding='utf8')
    stringToSign = bytes(stringToSign,encoding='utf8')
    h = hmac.new(bs, stringToSign, sha1)
    # 进行编码
    signature = base64.b64encode(h.digest()).strip()
    return signature
  def percent_encode(self,encodeStr):
    encodeStr = str(encodeStr)
    res = urllib.request.quote(encodeStr)
    res = res.replace('+', '%20')
    res = res.replace('*', '%2A')
    res = res.replace('%7E', '~')
    return res
  # 构建除共公参数外的所有URL
  def make_url(self,params):
    timestamp = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", time.gmtime())
    parameters = {
      'Format' : 'JSON',
      'Version' : '2014-05-26',
      'AccessKeyId' : self.access_id,
      'SignatureVersion' : '1.0',
      'SignatureMethod' : 'HMAC-SHA1',
      'SignatureNonce' : str(uuid.uuid1()),
      'TimeStamp' : timestamp,
    }
    for key in params.keys():
      parameters[key] = params[key]
    signature = self.sign(self.access_secret,parameters)
    parameters['Signature'] = signature
    url = self.url + "/?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(parameters)
    return url
  def do_action(self,params):
    url = self.make_url(params)
    # print(url)
    request = urllib.request.Request(url)
    try:
      conn = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
      response = conn.read().decode()
    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
      print(e.read().strip())
      raise SystemExit(e)
    try:
      res = json.loads(response)
    except ValueError as e:
      raise SystemExit(e)
    return res
# 继承原始类
class client(aliyunclient):
  def __init__(self,InstanceIds):
    aliyunclient.__init__(self)
    self.InstanceIds = InstanceIds
    # ECS 区域
    self.RegionId = "cn-shanghai"
  # 时间UTC转换
  def timestrip(self):
    UTCC = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
    utcbefore5 = UTCC - datetime.timedelta(minutes =5)
    Endtime = datetime.datetime.strftime(UTCC, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
    StartTime = datetime.datetime.strftime(utcbefore5, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
    return (StartTime,Endtime)
  def DescribeInstanceMonitorData(self):
    '''
    构造实例监控序列函数
    '''
    self.tt = self.timestrip()
    action_dict ={"StartTime":self.tt[0],"Endtime":self.tt[1],"Action":"DescribeInstanceMonitorData","RegionId":self.RegionId,"InstanceId":self.InstanceId}
    return action_dict
  def DescribeInstances(self):
    '''
    构建实例配置查询函数
    '''
    action_dict = {"Action":"DescribeInstances","RegionId":self.RegionId,"InstanceIds":self.InstanceIds}
    return action_dict
  def alis_main(self):
    res = self.do_action(self.DescribeInstances())
    listarry = len(res["Instances"]["Instance"])
    a = {}
    cpu = 0
    InternetBandwidth = 0
    instanlist = {"data":a}
    # 调用所有符合条件的实例配置数据
    for i in range(0,listarry):
      self.InstanceId = res["Instances"]["Instance"][i]["InstanceId"]
      BandwidthOUT = res["Instances"]["Instance"][i]["InternetMaxBandwidthOut"]
      # 调用计算该实例的监控数据
      monitordata = self.do_action(self.DescribeInstanceMonitorData())
      data = monitordata["MonitorData"]["InstanceMonitorData"]
      for i in range(0,len(data)):
        cpu += data[i]["CPU"]
        InternetBandwidth += data[i]["InternetBandwidth"]
      # 对该实例数据生成字典
      arry = {"BandwidthOUT":BandwidthOUT,"cpu":cpu/len(data),"InternetBandwidth":InternetBandwidth/len(data)}
      # 将新数据重构到原字典数据
      a.setdefault(self.InstanceId,arry)
    return instanlist
if __name__ == "__main__":
  # 传实例ID 列表进去
  clt= client(["i-11cy8adf2x"])
  res = clt.alis_main()
  print(res)
# 获取的结果如下：
{'data': {'i-11cy8adf2x': {'InternetBandwidth': 0.0, 'cpu': 4.0, 'BandwidthOUT': 4}}}
# 解释 获取所有实例的 当前配置的带宽值 当前占用的CPU% 当前占用的出口带宽 kbps

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希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。