python基础_文件操作实现全文或单行替换的方法
python修改文件时，使用w模式会将原本的文件清空/覆盖。可以先用读（r）的方式打开，写到内存中,然后再用写（w）的方式打开。
1、替换文本中的taste 为 tasting
Yesterday when I was young 昨日当我年少轻狂 The taste of life was sweet 生命的滋味是甜的 As rain upon my tongue
#将文件读取到内存中
with open("./fileread.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
#写的方式打开文件
with open("./fileread.txt","w",encoding="utf-8") as f_w:
for line in lines:
if "taste" in line:
#替换
line = line.replace("taste","tasting")
f_w.write(line)
2、全文中搜索替换或者单行替换
#文本内容 Yesterday when I was young 昨日当我年少轻狂 The taste of life was sweet 生命的滋味是甜的 As rain upon my tongue taste taste taste taste
#定义一个函数，带有4个参数
#x 表示要更新的文件名称
#y 表示要被替换的内容
#z 表示 替换后的内容
#s 默认参数为 1 表示只替换第一个匹配到的字符串
# 如果参数为 s = 'g' 则表示全文替换
def string_switch(x,y,z,s=1):
with open(x, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
#readlines以列表的形式将文件读出
lines = f.readlines()
with open(x, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_w:
#定义一个数字，用来记录在读取文件时在列表中的位置
n = 0
#默认选项，只替换第一次匹配到的行中的字符串
if s == 1:
for line in lines:
if y in line:
line = line.replace(y,z)
f_w.write(line)
n += 1
break
f_w.write(line)
n += 1
#将剩余的文本内容继续输出
for i in range(n,len(lines)):
f_w.write(lines[i])
#全局匹配替换
elif s == 'g':
for line in lines:
if y in line:
line = line.replace(y,z)
f_w.write(line)
测试
1)默认参数 1，只替换匹配到的第一行
string_switch("fileread.txt","taste","tasting")
#结果
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The tasting of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
taste
taste
taste
taste
2)全局替换
string_switch("fileread.txt","taste","tasting","g")
#结果
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The tasting of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
tasting
tasting
tasting
tasting
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