python学习之hook钩子的原理和使用
什么是钩子
之前有转一篇关于回调函数的文章
钩子函数、注册函数、回调函数,他们的概念其实是一样的。
钩子函数,顾名思义,就是把我们自己实现的hook函数在某一时刻挂接到目标挂载点上。
1. hook函数,就是我们自己实现的函数,函数类型与挂载点匹配(返回值,参数列表)
2. 挂接,也就是hook或者叫注册(register),使得hook函数对目标可用
3. 目标挂载点,也就是挂我们hook函数的地方(我们想在这个目标点实现我们自己的功能)
先看一张图:
hook的概念在windows的消息响应机制里面体现的尤为明显。可能我们大家有写过windows桌面相关的程序(像MFC),里面有各种消息监听响应机制。比如,要监听鼠标左键是否按下这个事件,我们要去实现一个onLeftKeyDown()之类的方法,该方法可以称为钩子函数。同时,我们还要去注册钩子函数,MFC中是通过一组宏来实现的。这样当鼠标左键按下后,就能调到我们定义的方法了。
为什么需要钩子
大家思考一下上面这个例子,左键按下方法具体的逻辑是由框架自身去实现,还是由我们用户(调用者)去实现呢?显然应该由我们自己去实现。要提供通用的框架能力,框架自身去实现该方法功能,是没有意义的,所以框架给提供一个挂载的point,把具体逻辑的实现交给用户就好了,灵活可用。
钩子使用
hook是一个编程机制,与语言无关。这里给个python的简单例子,帮助大家理解:
import time class LazyPerson(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name self.watch_tv_func = None self.have_dinner_func = None def get_up(self): print("%s get up at:%s" % (self.name, time.time())) def go_to_sleep(self): print("%s go to sleep at:%s" % (self.name, time.time())) def register_tv_hook(self, watch_tv_func): self.watch_tv_func = watch_tv_func def register_dinner_hook(self, have_dinner_func): self.have_dinner_func = have_dinner_func def enjoy_a_lazy_day(self): # get up self.get_up() time.sleep(3) # watch tv # check the watch_tv_func(hooked or unhooked) # hooked if self.watch_tv_func is not None: self.watch_tv_func(self.name) # unhooked else: print("no tv to watch") time.sleep(3) # have dinner # check the have_dinner_func(hooked or unhooked) # hooked if self.have_dinner_func is not None: self.have_dinner_func(self.name) # unhooked else: print("nothing to eat at dinner") time.sleep(3) self.go_to_sleep() def watch_daydayup(name): print("%s : The program ---day day up--- is funny!!!" % name) def watch_happyfamily(name): print("%s : The program ---happy family--- is boring!!!" % name) def eat_meat(name): print("%s : The meat is nice!!!" % name) def eat_hamburger(name): print("%s : The hamburger is not so bad!!!" % name) if __name__ == "__main__": lazy_tom = LazyPerson("Tom") lazy_jerry = LazyPerson("Jerry") # register hook lazy_tom.register_tv_hook(watch_daydayup) lazy_tom.register_dinner_hook(eat_meat) lazy_jerry.register_tv_hook(watch_happyfamily) lazy_jerry.register_dinner_hook(eat_hamburger) # enjoy a day lazy_tom.enjoy_a_lazy_day() lazy_jerry.enjoy_a_lazy_day()
代码运行结果:
Tom get up at:1509246940.32 Tom : The program ---day day up--- is funny!!! Tom : The meat is nice!!! Tom go to sleep at:1509246949.34 Jerry get up at:1509246949.34 Jerry : The program ---happy family--- is boring!!! Jerry : The hamburger is not so bad!!! Jerry go to sleep at:1509246958.37
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。