Python 调用 zabbix api的方法示例
前提准备：
1.使用python requests模块
2.了解json
3.zabbix api的具体调用建议先浏览一下官网
先上代码：
import requests,json
#
#url一定要正确，IP地址换成自己zabbix服务器的
zbx_url = "http://192.168.60.130:3080/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
#在post请求头部必须要有 'Content-Type': 'application/json-rpc'
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json-rpc'}
#传递json 数据到api;登录
login = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "user.login",
"params": {
"user": "Admin",
"password": "zabbix"
},
"id": 1
}
#首次登陆不用在json字段中写 auth，否则会有相关的报错
#将数据发送到api
ret = requests.post(zbx_url, data=json.dumps(login), headers=headers)
#对结果进行序列化
ret = ret.json()
auth = ret['result']
#获取问题主机json
data = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method":"trigger.get",
"params": {
# output表示输出结果包含参数有哪些
"output": [
"triggerid",
"description",
"status",
"value",
"priority",
"lastchange",
"recovery_mode",
"hosts",
"state",
],
"selectHosts": "hosts", # 需包含主机ID信息，以便于根据主机ID查询主机信息
"selectItems":"items",
"filter": {
# 筛选条件
"value": 1,#value值为1表示有问题
"status": 0#status为0表示已启用的trigger
},
},
"auth":auth,#这里的auth就是登录后获取的
'id':'1'#这个id可以随意
}
#将查询数据发送到zabbix-server
ret = requests.post(zbx_url,data=json.dumps(data),headers=headers)
respone_result = ret.json()['result']#对结果进行json序列化
print(respone_result)
下面简单介绍一下上诉代码：
要调用zabbix api获取数据，首先要获得auth这一串字符用户后续的内容获取，auth可以看做是一种你与zabbix-server之间的"暗号"；
登录的json内容之所以这样写是zabbix官方规定的，json字符串里面千万不能使用tab键。
login = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "user.login",
"params": {
"user": "Admin", #根据自己的情况填
"password": "zabbix" #根据自己的条件填写
},
"id": 1
}
获取问题主机的json字符串建议先浏览一下官网的说明，要强调的是output和filter这两个key，output就是zabbix api返回来的内容，filter相当于是过滤条件：
"filter": {
# 筛选条件
"value": 1, #value值为1表示有问题
"status": 0 #status为0表示已启用的trigger
},
上诉代码表示 value=1 and status=0，是一种与关系，很像查数据库表时候的过滤操作。
强烈建议先大概浏览一下官网文档
PS:Python通过Zabbix API获得数据的方法
Zabbix API查询：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.0/manual/appendix/api/api
import json,urllib2
from urllib2 import Request, urlopen, URLError, HTTPError
#url and url header
#zabbix的api 地址，用户名，密码，这里修改为自己实际的参数
zabbix_url="http://10.16.2.40/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
zabbix_header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
zabbix_user = "admin"
zabbix_pass = "password"
auth_code = ""
#auth user and password
#用户认证信息的部分，最终的目的是得到一个SESSIONID
#这里是生成一个json格式的数据，用户名和密码
auth_data = json.dumps(
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"user.login",
"params":
{
"user":zabbix_user,
"password":zabbix_pass
},
"id":0
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,auth_data)
for key in zabbix_header:
request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
#对于出错新的处理
except HTTPError, e:
print 'The server couldn\'t fulfill the request, Error code: ', e.code
except URLError, e:
print 'We failed to reach a server.Reason: ', e.reason
else:
response=json.loads(result.read())
print response
result.close()
#判断SESSIONID是否在返回的数据中
if 'result' in response:
auth_code=response['result']
else:
print response['error']['data']
# request json
#用得到的SESSIONID去通过验证，获取主机的信息（用http.get方法）
if len(auth_code) <> 0:
host_list=[]
get_host_data = json.dumps(
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"host.get",
"params":{
"output": "extend",
},
"auth":auth_code,
"id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,get_host_data)
for key in zabbix_header:
request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])
# get host list
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print 'We failed to reach a server.'
print 'Reason: ', e.reason
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
#将所有的主机信息显示出来
for r in response['result']:
# print r['hostid'],r['host']
host_list.append(r['hostid'])
#显示主机的个数
print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(host_list)
#返回所有hostid==10251的主机，并只查询name包含“CPU Usage”字段的item，并按照name排序
get_item_data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "item.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"hostids": "10251"
"search": {
#"key_": 'perf_counter[\Processor Information(_Total)\% Processor Time]'
"name": "CPU Usage"
},
"sortfield": "name"
},
"auth": auth_code,
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,get_item_data)
for key in zabbix_header:
request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
response = json.loads(result.read())
for r in response['result']:
print r['itemid'],r['hostid']
result.close()
except:
pass
#通过hostid获取相应的graphid
get_graph_data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "graphitem.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"expandData": 1,
"itemids": "33712"
},
"auth": auth_code,
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,get_graph_data)
for key in zabbix_header:
request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
response = json.loads(result.read())
for r in response['result']:
print r['itemid'],r['graphid']
result.close()
except:
pass
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