django基于存储在前端的token用户认证解析
一.前提
首先是这个代码基于前后端分离的API,我们用了django的framework模块,帮助我们快速的编写restful规则的接口
前端token原理:
把(token=加密后的字符串,key=name)在登入后发到客户端,以后客户端再发请求,会携带过来服务端截取(token=加密后的字符串,key=name),我们再利用解密方法,将token和key进行解码,然后进行比对,成功就是登入过的认证,失败就是没有登入过的
还有一种方式,把{name:maple,id:1} 用我自己知道的加密方式加密之后变成了:加密字符串,加密字符串|{name:maple,id:1} 当做token,发到客户端,以后客户端再发请求,会携带,加密字符串|{name:maple,id:1}过来,服务端截取{name:maple,id:1},再用我们的加密方式加密:加密字符串,拿到加密后的字符串进行比对,这种方式,只要写一个密码函数就可以了,无需写解密函数
二.token加密与解密
在django的app中定义个token模块
将有关token的函数都放在里面,后面要用到,都调用这个模块
加密token函数:
import time
import base64
import hmac
def get_token(key, expire=3600):
'''
:param key: str (用户给定的key，需要用户保存以便之后验证token,每次产生token时的key 都可以是同一个key)
:param expire: int(最大有效时间，单位为s)
:return: token
'''
ts_str = str(time.time() + expire)
ts_byte = ts_str.encode("utf-8")
sha1_tshexstr = hmac.new(key.encode("utf-8"),ts_byte,'sha1').hexdigest()
token = ts_str+':'+sha1_tshexstr
b64_token = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(token.encode("utf-8"))
return b64_token.decode("utf-8")
解密函数:
def out_token(key, token):
'''
:param key: 服务器给的固定key
:param token: 前端传过来的token
:return: true,false
'''
# token是前端传过来的token字符串
try:
token_str = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(token).decode('utf-8')
token_list = token_str.split(':')
if len(token_list) != 2:
return False
ts_str = token_list[0]
if float(ts_str) < time.time():
# token expired
return False
known_sha1_tsstr = token_list[1]
sha1 = hmac.new(key.encode("utf-8"),ts_str.encode('utf-8'),'sha1')
calc_sha1_tsstr = sha1.hexdigest()
if calc_sha1_tsstr != known_sha1_tsstr:
# token certification failed
return False
# token certification success
return True
except Exception as e:
print(e)
三.视图CBV
登入函数:
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
# get_token生成加密token,out_token解密token
from app01.token_module import get_token,out_token
class AuthLogin(APIView):
def post(self,request):
response={"status":100,"msg":None}
name=request.data.get("name")
pwd=request.data.get("pwd")
print(name,pwd)
user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first()
if user:
# token=get_random(name)
# 将name进行加密,3600设定超时时间
token=get_token(name,60)
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":token})
response["msg"]="登入成功"
response["token"]=token
response["name"]=user.username
else:
response["msg"]="用户名或密码错误"
return Response(response)
登入后访问函数:
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
from app01.serialize_module import BookSerialize
from app01.authentication_module import TokenAuth1,TokenAuth2
class Books(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth2]
def get(self,request):
response = {"status": 100, "msg": None}
book_list=models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = BookSerialize(book_list, many=True)
response["books"]=book_ser.data
return Response(response)
路由:
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()), url(r'^login/$', views.AuthLogin.as_view()), ]
四.framework认证功能
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import NotAuthenticated
# get_token生成加密token,out_token解密token
from app01.token_module import get_token,out_token
# 存储在前端的token解密比对
class TokenAuth2(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self,request):
token=request.GET.get("token")
name=request.GET.get("name")
token_obj=out_token(name,token)
if token_obj:
return
else:
raise NotAuthenticated("你没有登入")
五.利用postman软件在前端提交
登入POST请求:
返回结果:
访问get请求:
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。
