python获取全国城市pm2.5、臭氧等空气质量过程解析
随着国家发展，中国很多城市的空气质量其实并不好，国家气象局会有实时统计，但是要去写爬虫爬取是十分麻烦的事情，并且官方网站也会做一些反爬虫措施，所以实现起来比较麻烦，最好的办法就是使用现成的免费接口，空气质量指数分析，这里是笔者自己实现的一个python调用方式
代码如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# flake8: noqa
__author__ = 'wukong'
import urllib
from urllib import urlencode
#配置您申请的appKey和openId
app_key="***"
open_id="***"
"""
request_url 请求地址
params 请求参数
method 请求方法
"""
def request_content(request_url,params,method):
params = urlencode(params)
if method and method.lower() =="get":
f = urllib.urlopen("%s?%s" % (request_url, params))
else:
f = urllib.urlopen(request_url, params)
content = f.read()
print content
def main():
domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
servlet="life/air/analysis"
method="get"
request_url=domain+servlet
#字典
params ={}
params["appKey"]=app_key
params["openId"]=open_id
#变动部分
params["city"]="成都"
request_content(request_url,params,method)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
java版的代码可以参考如下代码：
package com.xiaocongjisuan.module.example;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Application {
public static final String DEF_CHATSET = "UTF-8";
public static final int DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static final int DEF_READ_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36";
//配置您申请的appKey和openId
public static final String APP_KEY ="yours";
public static final String OPEN_ID ="yours";
//将map型转为请求参数型
public static String urlEncode(Map<String,Object> params) {
if(params==null){return "";};
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String,Object> i : params.entrySet()) {
try {
sb.append(i.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(i.getValue()+"","UTF-8")).append("&");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
String r=sb.toString();
if(r.endsWith("&")){
r = r.substring(0,r.length()-1);
}
return r;
}
/**
*
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param params 请求参数
* @param method 请求方法
* @return 请求结果
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String requestContent(String requestUrl, Map<String,Object> params,String method) throws Exception {
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
String rs = null;
try {
//组装请求链接
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")){
requestUrl = requestUrl+"?"+urlEncode(params);
}
//默认get
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")){
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
}
//参数配置
conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", userAgent);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setConnectTimeout(DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT);
conn.setReadTimeout(DEF_READ_TIMEOUT);
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
conn.connect();
if (params!= null && method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
try {
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
out.writeBytes(urlEncode(params));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//读取数据
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, DEF_CHATSET));
String strRead = null;
while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(strRead);
}
rs = sb.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
}
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
return rs;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
String servlet="life/air/analysis";
String method="get";
String requestUrl=domain+servlet;
Map<String,Object> params=new HashMap<String,Object>();
params.put("appKey",APP_KEY);
params.put("openId",OPEN_ID);
//变动部分
params.put("city","成都");
String result=requestContent(requestUrl,params,method);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。
