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本文实例讲述了Python中unittest的用法，分享给大家供大家参考。具体用法分析如下：

1. unittest module包含了编写运行unittest的功能，自定义的test class都要集成unitest.TestCase类，test method要以test开头，运行顺序根据test method的名字排序，特殊方法:
① setup():每个测试函数运行前运行
② teardown():每个测试函数运行完后执行
③ setUpClass():必须使用@classmethod 装饰器,所有test运行前运行一次
④ tearDownClass():必须使用@classmethod装饰器,所有test运行完后运行一次

2. 示例代码:

#文件名runtest.py
import random
import unittest

class TestSequenceFunctions(unittest.TestCase):

  def setUp(self):
    self.seq = list(range(10))

  def test_shuffle(self):
    # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements
    random.shuffle(self.seq)
    self.seq.sort()
    self.assertEqual(self.seq, list(range(10)))

    # should raise an exception for an immutable sequence
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, random.shuffle, (1,2,3))

  def test_choice(self):
    element = random.choice(self.seq)
    self.assertTrue(element in self.seq)

  def test_sample(self):
    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
      random.sample(self.seq, 20)
    for element in random.sample(self.seq, 5):
      self.assertTrue(element in self.seq)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  unittest.main()

3.运行方式:在命令行直接运行这个runtest.py

可以使用unitest.skip装饰器族跳过test method或者test class,这些装饰器包括:
① @unittest.skip(reason):无条件跳过测试，reason描述为什么跳过测试
② @unittest.skipif(conditition,reason):condititon为true时跳过测试
③ @unittest.skipunless(condition,reason):condition不是true时跳过测试

可以自定义skip decorator

#这是一个自定义的skip decorrator
def skipUnlessHasattr(obj, attr):
  if hasattr(obj, attr):
    return lambda func: func
  return unittest.skip("{!r} doesn't have {!r}".format(obj, attr))

skip decorator示例代码:

class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

  @unittest.skip("demonstrating skipping")
  def test_nothing(self):
    self.fail("shouldn't happen")

  @unittest.skipIf(mylib.__version__ < (1, 3),
           "not supported in this library version")
  def test_format(self):
    # Tests that work for only a certain version of the library.
    pass

  @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
  def test_windows_support(self):
    # windows specific testing code
    pass

@unittest.skip("showing class skipping")
class MySkippedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
  def test_not_run(self):
    pass

4.expected failure:使用@unittest.expectedFailure装饰器，如果test失败了，这个test不计入失败的case数目

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计的学习有所帮助。