Django自定义用户认证示例详解
前言
Django附带的认证对于大多数常见情况来说已经足够了,但是如何在 Django 中使用自定义的数据表进行用户认证，有一种较为笨蛋的办法就是自定义好数据表后，使用OnetoOne来跟 Django 的表进行关联，类似于这样：
from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserProfile(models.Model): """ 用户账号表 """ user = models.OneToOneField(User) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = "用户账号" ordering = ['id']
这样做虽然可以简单、快速的实现，但是有一个问题就是我们在自己的表中创建一个用户就必须再跟 admin 中的一个用户进行关联，这简直是不可以忍受的。
admin代替默认User model
写我们自定义的 models 类来创建用户数据表来代替默认的User model，而不与django admin的进行关联，相关的官方文档在这里
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class UserProfileManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, name, password=None):
"""
用户创建，需要提供 email、name、password
"""
if not email:
raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
user = self.model(
email=self.normalize_email(email),
name=name,
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, name, password):
"""
超级用户创建，需要提供 email、name、password
"""
user = self.create_user(
email,
password=password,
name=name,
)
user.is_admin = True
user.is_active = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser):
# 在此处可以配置更多的自定义字段
email = models.EmailField(
verbose_name='email address',
max_length=255,
unique=True,
)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="用户名称")
phone = models.IntegerField("电话")
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
objects = UserProfileManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' # 将email 作为登入用户名
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name', 'phone']
def __str__(self):
return self.email
def get_full_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"Does the user have a specific permission?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
@property
def is_staff(self):
"Is the user a member of staff?"
# Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
return self.is_admin
admin 配置
class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
fields, plus a repeated password."""
password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
class Meta:
model = models.UserProfile
fields = ('email', 'name')
def clean_password2(self):
password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
return password2
def save(self, commit=True):
user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
if commit:
user.save()
return user
class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
password hash display field.
"""
password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
class Meta:
model = models.UserProfile
fields = ('email', 'password', 'name', 'is_active', 'is_admin')
def clean_password(self):
return self.initial["password"]
class UserProfileAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
form = UserChangeForm
add_form = UserCreationForm
list_display = ('email', 'name', 'is_admin', 'is_staff')
list_filter = ('is_admin',)
fieldsets = (
(None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
('Personal info', {'fields': ('name',)}),
('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin', 'is_active', 'roles', 'user_permissions', 'groups')}),
)
add_fieldsets = (
(None, {
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('email', 'name', 'password1', 'password2')}
),
)
search_fields = ('email',)
ordering = ('email',)
filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions','roles')
2.Django允许您通过AUTH_USER_MODEL配置来引用自定义的model设置来覆盖默认User模型，这个配置的配置方法为在 settings 中加入：AUTH_USER_MODEL = "APP.model_class" ，例如本例中我们需要在 setting 中加入以下配置:
AUTH_USER_MODEL = "app1.UserProfile"
3.部署
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
创建一个新用户,此时我们就可以用这个用户来登录 admin 后台了
python manage.py createsuperuser
效果如下：
自定义认证
那如果我们需要使用我们自己的认证系统呢，假如我们有一个 login 页面和一个 home 页面：
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout
from app1 import models
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
def auth_required(auth_type):
# 认证装饰器
def wapper(func):
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
if auth_type == 'admin':
ck = request.COOKIES.get("login") # 获取当前登录的用户
if request.user.is_authenticated() and ck:
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
else:
return redirect("/app1/login/")
return inner
return wapper
def login_auth(request):
# 认证
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, 'login.html')
elif request.method == "POST":
username = request.POST.get('username', None)
password = request.POST.get('password', None)
user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
if user is not None:
if user.is_active:
login(request, user)
_next = request.GET.get("next",'/crm')
return redirect('_next')
else:
return redirect('/app1/login/')
else:
return redirect('/app1/login/')
else:
pass
def my_logout(request):
# 注销
if request.method == 'GET':
logout(request)
return redirect('/app1/login/')
@login_required
def home(request):
# home page
path1, path2 = "Home", '主页'
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, 'home.html', locals())
elif request.method == "POST":
pass
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对【听图阁-专注于Python设计】的支持。
