django用户登录和注销的实现方法
django版本：1.4.21。
一、准备工作
1、新建项目和app
[root@yl-web-test srv]# django-admin.py startproject lxysite [root@yl-web-test srv]# cd lxysite/ [root@yl-web-test lxysite]# python manage.py startapp accounts [root@yl-web-test lxysite]# ls accounts lxysite manage.py
2、配置app
在项目settings.py中的
INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.sites', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # 'django.contrib.admin', # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation: # 'django.contrib.admindocs', 'accounts', )
3、配置url
在项目urls.py中配置
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'lxysite.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^lxysite/', include('lxysite.foo.urls')),
# Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
# url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^accounts/', include('accounts.urls')),
)
4、配置templates
新建templates目录来存放模板，
[root@yl-web-test lxysite]# mkdir templates [root@yl-web-test lxysite]# ls accounts lxysite manage.py templates
然后在settings中配置
TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates". # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows. # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths. '/srv/lxysite/templates', )
5、配置数据库
我用的是mysql数据库，先创建数据库lxysite
mysql> create database lxysite; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
然后在settings.py中配置
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
'NAME': 'lxysite', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
'USER': 'root', # Not used with sqlite3.
'PASSWORD': 'password', # Not used with sqlite3.
'HOST': '10.1.101.35', # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
'PORT': '3306', # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
}
}
然后同步数据库：同步过程创建了一个管理员账号：liuxiaoyan,password，后面就用这个账号登录和注销登录。
[root@yl-web-test lxysite]# python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table django_site You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username (leave blank to use 'root'): liuxiaoyan E-mail address: liuxiaoyan@test.com Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
至此，准备工作完成。
二、实现登录功能
使用django自带的用户认证，实现用户登录和注销。
1、定义一个用户登录表单(forms.py)
因为用的了bootstrap框架，执行命令#pip install django-bootstrap-toolkit安装。
并在settings.py文件中配置
INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.sites', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # 'django.contrib.admin', # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation: # 'django.contrib.admindocs', 'bootstrap_toolkit', 'accounts', )
forms.py没有强制规定，建议放在和app的views.py同一目录。
#coding=utf-8
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import BootstrapDateInput,BootstrapTextInput,BootstrapUneditableInput
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
required = True,
label=u"用户名",
error_messages={'required':'请输入用户名'},
widget=forms.TextInput(
attrs={
'placeholder':u"用户名",
}
)
)
password = forms.CharField(
required=True,
label=u"密码",
error_messages={'required':u'请输入密码'},
widget=forms.PasswordInput(
attrs={
'placeholder':u"密码",
}
),
)
def clean(self):
if not self.is_valid():
raise forms.ValidationError(u"用户名和密码为必填项")
else:
cleaned_data = super(LoginForm,self).clean()
定义的登录表单有两个域username和password，这两个域都为必填项。
2、定义登录视图views.py
在视图里实例化上一步定义的用户登录表单
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response,render,get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib import messages
from django.template.context import RequestContext
from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, PageNotAnInteger, EmptyPage
from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import BootstrapUneditableInput
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from forms import LoginForm
def login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
form = LoginForm()
return render_to_response('login.html',RequestContext(request,{'form':form,}))
else:
form = LoginForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
username = request.POST.get('username','')
password = request.POST.get('password','')
user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
if user is not None and user.is_active:
auth.login(request,user)
return render_to_response('index.html',RequestContext(request))
else:
return render_to_response('login.html',RequestContext(request,{'form':form,'password_is_wrong':True}))
else:
return render_to_response('login.html',RequestContext(request,{'form':form,}))
该视图实例化了前面定义的LoginForm，它的主要业务流逻辑是：
1、判断必填项用户名和密码是否为空，如果为空，提示“用户名和密码为必填项”的错误信息。
2、判断用户名和密码是否正确，如果错误，提示“用户名或密码错误”的错误信息。
3、登录成功后，进入主页（index.html）
3、登录页面模板(login.html)
<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load bootstrap_toolkit %}
{% load url from future %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>数据库脚本发布系统</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="朱显杰">
{% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag %}
{% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" %}
<style type="text/css">
body {
padding-top: 60px;
}
</style>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<!-- <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js"></script>-->
{% bootstrap_javascript_tag %}
{% block extra_head %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
{% if password_is_wrong %}
<div class="alert alert-error">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert">×</button>
<h4>错误!</h4>用户名或密码错误
</div>
{% endif %}
<div class="well">
<h1>数据库脚本发布系统</h1>
<p>?</p>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form|as_bootstrap:"horizontal" }}
<p class="form-actions">
<input type="submit" value="登录" class="btn btn-primary">
<a href="/contactme/"><input type="button" value="忘记密码" class="btn btn-danger"></a>
<a href="/contactme/"><input type="button" value="新员工？" class="btn btn-success"></a>
</p>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
配置accounts的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import *
from accounts.views import login,logout
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'login/$',login),
)
4、首页（index.html）
代码如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load bootstrap_toolkit %}
<html lang="en">
{% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag %}
{% bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" %}
<h1>登录成功</h1>
<a href="/accounts/logout/"><input type="button" value="登出" class="btn btn-success"></a>
</html>
配置登出的url
from django.conf.urls import *
from accounts.views import login,logout
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'login/$',login),
url(r'logout/$',logout),
)
登录视图如下：调用djagno自带用户认证系统的logout，然后返回登录界面。
@login_required
def logout(request):
auth.logout(request)
return HttpResponseRedirect("/accounts/login/")
上面@login_required标示只有登录用户才能调用该视图，否则自动重定向到登录页面。
三、登录注销演示
1、执行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
在浏览器输入ip+端口访问，出现登录界面
2、当用户名或密码为空时，提示“用户名和密码为必填项”
3、当用户名或密码错误时，提示“用户名或密码错误”
4、输入正确用户名和密码（创建数据库时生成的liuxiaoyan,password），进入主页
5、点击登出，注销登录，返回登录页面。
四、排错
1、'bootstrap_toolkit' is not a valid tag library
因为你的INSTALLED_APP没有安装'bootstrap_toolkit',安装即可。
资源链接
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