Python + selenium + requests实现12306全自动抢票及验证码破解加自动点击功能
测试结果：
整个买票流程可以再快一点，不过为了稳定起见，有些地方等待了一些时间
完整程序，拿去可用
整个程序分了三个模块：购票模块（主体）、验证码识别模块、余票查询模块
购票模块：
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException, ElementNotVisibleException
import time
import requests
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from check_ticket import Check
from verify import Code
import json
class Buy_Ticket():
def __init__(self, start_station, end_station, date, username, password, purpose):
self.num = 1
self.start = start_station
self.end = end_station
self.date = date
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.purpose = purpose
self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'
self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'
def login(self):
browser.get(self.login_url)
try:
input_name = browser.find_element_by_id('username')
input_pd = browser.find_element_by_id('password')
button = browser.find_element_by_id('loginSub')
time.sleep(1)
input_name.send_keys(self.username)
input_pd.send_keys(self.password)
c = Code(browser) #调用验证码识别模块
c.main()
button.click()
time.sleep(2)
#等待页面跳转，如果验证码识别错误，就执行下面的while语句
while browser.current_url == self.login_url + '#':
c = Code(browser)
c.main()
button.click()
time.sleep(2)
#self.get_passenger()
self.check()
except NoSuchElementException:
self.login()
def check(self):
#调用余票查询模块
check = Check(self.date, self.start, self.end, self.purpose)
start_end = check.look_up_station()
self.num = check.get_info()
#cookie的添加，json.dumps把以汉字形式呈现的起始、终点站转化成unicode编码，可在审查元素里查看cookie
browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.start).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[0]})
browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_toStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.end).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[1]})
browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromDate', 'value':self.date})
browser.get(self.ticket_url)
if self.purpose == '学生':
btn = browser.find_element_by_id('sf2')
time.sleep(1)
btn.click()
button = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket')
time.sleep(1)
button.click()
def book_ticket(self):
print('开始预订车票...')
#先查找出所有车次对应的预订按钮，再根据余票查询模块返回的车次序号，点击相应的预订按钮
button = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('btn72')
button[self.num-1].click()
time.sleep(3)
button2 = browser.find_element_by_id('normalPassenger_0') #按实际情况，可自行修改，这里就选择的第一个常用联系人，
#第二个是normalPassenger_1，依此类推
button2.click()
button3 = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id')
time.sleep(1)
button3.click()
time.sleep(3) #等待页面加载完毕，不然后面可能会报错,等待时间自行决定
try:
button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id')
button4.click()
except ElementNotVisibleException:
button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id')
button4.click()
print('车票预定成功！请在30分钟内完成付款！')
def main(self):
self.login()
self.book_ticket()
if __name__ == '__main__':
begin = time.time()
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
b = Buy_Ticket('上海', '重庆', '2018-09-18', '账号', '密码', 'ADULT') #账号、密码自行修改
b.main()
end = time.time()
print('总耗时：%d秒' % int(end-begin))
#browser.close()
验证码识别模块：
import requests
from PIL import Image
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
from io import BytesIO
class Code():
def __init__(self, browser):
self.browser = browser
self.verify_url = 'http://littlebigluo.qicp.net:47720/' #验证码识别网址，返回识别结果
#确定验证码的位置
def get_position(self):
time.sleep(3)
element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par')
time.sleep(2)
location = element.location
size = element.size
position= (location['x'], location['y'], location['x'] + size['width'], location['y'] + size['height'])
return position
#截取整个网页页面
def get_screenshot(self):
screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot))
return screenshot
#从截取的网页，裁剪出验证码图片，并保存到本地
def get_touclick_img(self, name = 'captcha.png'):
position = self.get_position()
print('验证码的位置:', position)
screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
captcha = screenshot.crop(position)
captcha.save('captcha.png')
#验证码解析
def parse_img(self):
files = {'file': open('captcha.png', 'rb')} #打开保存到本地的验证码图片
response = requests.post(self.verify_url, files=files)
num = response.text.split('<B>')[1].split('<')[0]
print('验证码识别成功！图片位置：%s' % num)
try:
if int(num):
return [int(num)]
except ValueError:
num = list(map(int,num.split()))
return num
#识别结果num都以列表形式返回，方便后续验证码的点击
#实现验证码自动点击
def move(self):
num = self.parse_img()
try:
element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par')
for i in num:
if i <= 4:
ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),73).click().perform()
else :
i -= 4
ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),145).click().perform()
except:
print('元素不可选！')
def main(self):
self.get_touclick_img()
self.move()
余票查询模块：
import requests
from urllib.parse import urlencode
class Check():
def __init__(self, date, start, end, purpose):
self.base_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryA?'
self.url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9018'
self.date = date
self.start_station = start
self.end_station = end
if purpose == '学生':
self.purpose = '0X00'
else:
self.purpose = purpose
#查找出车站的英文简称，用于构造cookie、完整的余票查询链接
def look_up_station(self):
response1 = requests.get(self.url)
a = response1.text.split('@')
a.pop(0)
for each in a:
i = each.split('|')
if self.start_station == i[1]:
self.start_station = i[2]
elif self.end_station == i[1]:
self.end_station = i[2]
return [self.start_station, self.end_station]
def get_info(self):
start_end = self.look_up_station()
#构造请求参数
data = {
'leftTicketDTO.train_date':self.date,
'leftTicketDTO.from_station':start_end[0],
'leftTicketDTO.to_station':start_end[1],
'purpose_codes':self.purpose
}
url = self.base_url + urlencode(data)
response = requests.get(url)
json = response.json()
maps = json['data']['map']
count = 0 #用于对车次编号
for each in json['data']['result']:
count += 1
s = each.split('|')[3:]
info = {
'train':s[0],
'start_end':maps[s[3]] + '-' + maps[s[4]],
'time':s[5] + '-' + s[6],
'历时':s[7],
'一等座':s[-5],
'二等座':s[-6]
}
try:
#余票的结果有3种：有、一个具体的数字(如：18、6等)、无，判断如果余票是有或者一个具体的数字就直接输出对应的车次信息，然后返回
if info['二等座'] == '有' or int(info['二等座']):
print('[%d]' % count, info)
return count
except ValueError:
continue
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Python + selenium + requests实现12306全自动抢票及验证码破解加自动点击功能，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对【听图阁-专注于Python设计】网站的支持！
