python2.7实现邮件发送功能

yipeiwu_com6年前Python基础

要想实现一个能够发送带有文本、图片、附件的python程序,首先要熟悉两大模块:

email以及smtplib

然后对于MIME(邮件扩展)要有一定认知,因为有了扩展才能发送附件以及图片这些媒体或者非文本信息

最后一个比较细节的方法就是MIMEMultipart,要理解其用法以及对应参数所实现的功能区别

发送邮件三部曲:

创建协议对象
连接邮件服务器
登陆并发送邮件

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import mimetypes

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import os
import smtplib

from email import Encoders as email_encoders


class Message(object):
 def __init__(self, from_addr, to_addr, subject="", html="", text=None, cc_addr=[], attachment=[]):

  self.from_addr = from_addr
  self.subject = subject

  if to_addr:
   if isinstance(to_addr, list):
    self.to_addr = to_addr
   else:
    self.to_addr = [d for d in to_addr.split(',')]
  else:
   self.to_addr = []

  if cc_addr:
   if isinstance(cc_addr, list):
    self.cc_addr = cc_addr
   else:
    self.cc_addr = [d for d in cc_addr.split(',')]
  else:
   self.cc_addr = []

  if html is not None:
   self.body = html
   self.body_type = "html"
  else:
   self.body = text
   self.body_type = "plain"

  self.parts = []
  if isinstance(attachment, list):
   for file in attachment:
    self.add_attachment(file)

 def add_attachment(self, file_path, mimetype=None):
  """
   If *mimetype* is not specified an attempt to guess it is made. If nothing
   is guessed then `application/octet-stream` is used.
  """
  if not mimetype:
   mimetype, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)

  if mimetype is None:
   mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'

  type_maj, type_min = mimetype.split('/')
  with open(file_path, 'rb') as fh:
   part_data = fh.read()

   part = MIMEBase(type_maj, type_min)
   part.set_payload(part_data)
   email_encoders.encode_base64(part)

   part_filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
   part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"'
       % part_filename)
   part.add_header('Content-ID', part_filename)

   self.parts.append(part)

 def __to_mime_message(self):
  """Returns the message as
  :py:class:`email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart`."""

  ## To get the message work in iOS, you need use multipart/related, not the multipart/alternative
  msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
  msg['Subject'] = self.subject
  msg['From'] = self.from_addr
  msg['To'] = ','.join(self.to_addr)

  if len(self.cc_addr) > 0:
   msg['CC'] = ','.join(self.cc_addr)

  body = MIMEText(self.body, self.body_type)
  msg.attach(body)

  # Add Attachment
  for part in self.parts:
   msg.attach(part)

  return msg

 def send(self, smtp_server='localhost'):

  smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
  smtp.connect(smtp_server)
  smtp.sendmail(from_addr=self.from_addr, to_addrs=self.to_addr + self.cc_addr, msg=self.__to_mime_message().as_string())
  smtp.close()

对于实际发送程序,要注意个参数的类型,比如from_addr是字符串,to_addr和cc_addr以及attachment都是列表

from mail_base import Message
import datetime
from_addr = 'xxx'
mail_to = 'xxx'


def send_go():
 time_now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
 attach_files = ['testcsv.xlsm','test1.jpg','test2.jpg','test3.jpg']
 mail_msg = """
  <p>Hi Lockey:</p>
  <p><img src="cid:test1.jpg"></p>####要特别注意这里,正文插入图片的特殊格式!!!
  <hr/>
  <p style="text-indent:16px">Here is the latest paper link from The Economist, you can click <a href="https://lockeycheng.github.io/iooi/index.html" rel="external nofollow" >Go</a> for a full view!</p>
  <hr/>
  <p>Best Regards</p>
  <p>
   Any question please mail to <a href='mailto:iooiooi23@163.com'>Lockey23</a>.
  </p>
  <p>Sent at {} PST</p>
  """.format(time_now)
 subject = '[Halo] - ' + 'A new paper published!'
 msg = Message(from_addr=from_addr,
     to_addr=[mail_to],
     cc_addr=[mail_to],
     subject=subject,
     attachment=attach_files,
     html=mail_msg
     )
 msg.send()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 send_go()

对于测试程序我们命名为sendGo.py,运行测试程序

~$ python sendGo.py

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。

相关文章

基于Python的ModbusTCP客户端实现详解

基于Python的ModbusTCP客户端实现详解

前言 Modbus协议是由Modicon公司(现在的施耐德电气Schneider Electric)推出,主要建立在物理串口、以太网TCP/IP层之上,目前已经成为工业领域通信协议的业界...

Python 异常的捕获、异常的传递与主动抛出异常操作示例

Python 异常的捕获、异常的传递与主动抛出异常操作示例

本文实例讲述了Python 异常的捕获、异常的传递与主动抛出异常操作。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下: 异常的捕获 demo.py(异常的捕获): try: # 提示用户输入一...

pycharm 使用心得(四)显示行号

pycharm 使用心得(四)显示行号

在PyCharm 里,显示行号有两种办法: 1,临时设置。右键单击行号处,选择 Show Line Numbers。 但是这种方法,只对一个文件有效,并且,重启PyCharm 后消失。...

python 将md5转为16字节的方法

python的hashlib库中提供的hexdigest返回长度32的字符串。 直接通过digest返回的16字节,有不可打印字符。 问题来了,因为md5sum是128bit,也就是16...

Python计算开方、立方、圆周率,精确到小数点后任意位的方法

Python计算开方、立方、圆周率,精确到小数点后任意位的方法

Python计算的位数 在电脑上做了一个实验,看看python能计算到多少位,一下是结果。 x = math.sqrt((3)) print ("%.53f"%(x)) print...