详解Django+uwsgi+Nginx上线最佳实战
什么是uwsgi？
uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。
- WSGI是一种通信协议。
- uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。
- uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
在开始之前
最小化安装CentOS 6
备份网卡文件
~$ mkdir /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/backup ~$ cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/backup/ifcfg-eth0.backup
配置阿里云镜像源
~$ mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/old ~$ mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-* /etc/yum.repos.d/old/ ~$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ ~$ curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo ~$ yum clean all && yum repolist all && yum update -y ~$ reboot
Python3.6.0
上传Python-3.6.0.tar.xz
~$ rz
安装依赖
yum install zlib* gcc openssl openssl-devel libffi-devel -y yum install pcre pcre-devel pcre-static -y
解压Python-3.6.0.tar.xz
~$ tar -xvf Python-3.6.0.tar.xz ~$ cd Python-3.6.0
修改部分源代码
~$ vim Modules/Setup.dist # 将该文件的204到209行部分代码取消注释，完成后如下所示： # Socket module helper for socket(2) _socket socketmodule.c # Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other # socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable: SSL=/usr/local/ssl _ssl _ssl.c \ -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \ -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto # The crypt module is now disabled by default because it breaks builds
编译安装
~$ ./configure ~$ make -j ~$ make install ~$ cd ~$ rm -rf Python-3.6.0
防火墙
# 恢复默认配置 iptables -F # 放通3306/8000/80端口 iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # 保存规则 /etc/init.d/iptables save
SELinux
关闭SELinux
~$ vim /etc/selinux/config # 修改配置为如下所示： SELINUX=permissive ~$ reboot
数据库
二进制方式安装
# 查找相关旧文件并删除 find / -name mysql find / -name mariadb # 移除全部相关包 rpm -qa | grep mysql rpm -qa | grep mariadb # 添加用户 useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M # 解压移动文件 tar -xvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /applications/ ln -s /applications/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /applications/mysql # 创建配置文件 vim /etc/my.cnf # 创建相关目录 mkdir -p /data/mysql/data mkdir -p /data/mysql/log # 手动创建日志文件 touch /data/mysql/log/mysqld.log # 修改权限 chown -R mysql.mysql /applications/mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
MySQL配置文件
[client] port=3306 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 datadir=/data/mysql/data basedir=/applications/mysql pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql character-set-server=utf8mb4 default-storage-engine=INNODB collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' max_connections = 1000 max_connect_errors = 1200 max_allowed_packet = 128M explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 log_error = /data/mysql/log/error.log slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/log/slow.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5 long_query_time = 8 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 min_examined_row_limit = 100 expire_logs_days = 5 tmpdir = /tmp innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
# 同步数据 /applications/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/applications/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
配置并启动
cp /applications/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 修改以下两行 basedir=/applications/mysql datadir=/data/mysql/data
# 查看是否启动 netstat -tunlap | grep mysql # 添加服务并设置为开机自启动 chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on
初始化数据库
/applications/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
-- 设置用户密码 alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456'; -- 允许root远程访问 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Django
配置pip3源
mkdir /root/.pip touch /root/.pip/pip.conf echo '[global]' >> /root/.pip/pip.conf echo 'trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com' >> /root/.pip/pip.conf echo 'index-url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/' >> /root/.pip/pip.conf
创建虚拟环境安装依赖
# PublisherPro，一个支持MD轻量级的CMS程式. git clone https://gitee.com/bluemiaomiao/PublisherPro.git pip3 install virtualenv cd PROJECT_DIR virtualenv venv source venv/bin/activate pip3 install -r requestments.txt pip3 install uwsgi mkdir log mkdir script touch PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.pid touch PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.status vim uwsgi.ini
修改项目配置
# PROJECT_DIR/PROJECT_NAME/settings.py
# 设置为生产环境
DEBUG = False
# 配置数据库
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'publisher_pro',
'USER': 'pubpro',
'PASSWORD': 'bluemiaomiao',
'HOST': '192.168.1.203',
'PORT': '3306',
'OPTIONS': {'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;'},
}
}
# 配置静态文件相关
# STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
创建数据库和用户
CREATE DATABASE `publisher_pro` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci'; CREATE USER `pubpro`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY 'bluemiaomiao' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; CREATE USER `pubpro`@`%` IDENTIFIED BY 'bluemiaomiao' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; GRANT All ON `publisher\_pro`.* TO `pubpro`@`%`;
同步数据库
./venv/bin/python3 manage.py makemigrations ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py migrate ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py createsuperuser ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py collectstatic
uwsgi
配置文件内容
# uwsig使用配置文件启动 [uwsgi] # 项目目录 chdir=/applications/website/PublisherPro # 指定项目的application module=PublisherPro.wsgi:application # 指定sock的文件路径 socket=/applications/website/PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.sock # 进程个数 workers=5 pidfile=/applications/website/PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.pid # 状态文件 stats=/applications/website/PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.status # 指定IP端口 http=0.0.0.0:8000 # 指定静态文件 static-map=/static=/applications/website/PublisherPro/static # 启动uwsgi的用户名和用户组 uid=pubpro gid=pubpro # 启用主进程 master=true # 自动移除unix Socket和pid文件当服务停止的时候 vacuum=true # 序列化接受的内容，如果可能的话 thunder-lock=true # 启用线程 enable-threads=true # 设置自中断时间 harakiri=30 # 设置缓冲 post-buffering=4096 # 设置日志目录 daemonize=/applications/website/PublisherPro/log/uwsgi.log
创建用户和组并修改权限
# 创建用户 useradd pubpro -s /sbin/nologin -M # 检查结果 id pubpro # 修改权限 chown -R pubpro.pubpro /applications/website/PublisherPro/ # 检查结果 ll -d /applications/website/PublisherPro/
测试Django应用
# 启动应用 uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini # 重载应用 uwsgi --reload script/uwsgi.pid # 状态信息 uwsgi --connect-and-read script/uwsgi.status # 停止应用 uwsgi --stop script/uwsgi.pid
Nginx
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.2.108;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
charset utf-8;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/javascript application/x-httpd-php application/json text/json image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/octet-stream;
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# 指定项目路径uwsgi
location / {
# 导入一个Nginx模块他是用来和uWSGI进行通讯的
include uwsgi_params;
# 设置连接uWSGI超时时间
uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
# 指定uwsgi的sock文件所有动态请求就会直接丢给他
uwsgi_pass unix:/data/PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.sock;
}
# 指定静态文件路径
location /static/ {
alias /data/PublisherPro/static;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。
