Python程序中使用SQLAlchemy时出现乱码的解决方案
今天对clubot进行了升级, 但是导入数据后中文乱码, 一开是找资料说是在创建引擎的时候添加编码信息:
engine = create_engine("mysql://root:@localhost:3306/clubot?charset=utf8")
但是这并不行, 然后查看表信息:
> show create table clubot_members; clubot_members | CREATE TABLE `clubot_members` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `email` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `nick` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, `last_say` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `last_change` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `isonline` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `join_date` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`), UNIQUE KEY `nick` (`nick`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=20 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
发现原来创建表的时候用的latin1编码, 而老的表是用utf-8编码创建的, SQLAlchemy中并没有发现有创建表时指定指定编码的方法. 所以只能在MySQL本身来找:
> show VARIABLES like "character%%"; +--------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /data/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) > show create database clubot; +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | clubot | CREATE DATABASE `clubot` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ | +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
发现 MySQL默认的和数据库都是latin1的编码, 所以更改数据库配置
复制代码 代码如下:
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf # MySQL配置文件在Ubuntu上的位置, 其他系统可能有差异
分别在[client] [mysqld]下添加
复制代码 代码如下:
default-character-set = utf8
这时重启MySQL居然起不来, 说default-character-set是无效的变量, 查看MySQL版本发现是5.5, 找资料说5.5的服务端编码设置变量是character-set-server, 所以将[mysqld]上的default-character-set = utf8改为 character-set-server = utf8, 并重启MySQL
然后更改数据库编码:
复制代码 代码如下:
alter database clubot character set utf8;
删除新建的表, 并重新导入数据中文就正常了
复制代码 代码如下:
> use clubot;
> drop table clubot_status;
> drop table clubot_infos;
> drop table clubot_history;
> drop table clubot_members;
> drop table clubot_status;
> drop table clubot_infos;
> drop table clubot_history;
> drop table clubot_members;