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学习爬虫有一段时间了，今天使用Scrapy框架将校花网的图片爬取到本地。Scrapy爬虫框架相对于使用requests库进行网页的爬取，拥有更高的性能。

Scrapy官方定义：Scrapy是用于抓取网站并提取结构化数据的应用程序框架，可用于广泛的有用应用程序，如数据挖掘，信息处理或历史存档。

建立Scrapy爬虫工程

在安装好Scrapy框架后，直接使用命令行进行项目的创建：

E:\ScrapyDemo>scrapy startproject xiaohuar
New Scrapy project 'xiaohuar', using template directory 'c:\\users\\lei\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python35\\lib
\\site-packages\\scrapy\\templates\\project', created in:
 E:\ScrapyDemo\xiaohuar

You can start your first spider with:
 cd xiaohuar
 scrapy genspider example example.com

创建一个Scrapy爬虫

创建工程的时候，会自动创建一个与工程同名的目录，进入到目录中执行如下命令：

E:\ScrapyDemo\xiaohuar>scrapy genspider -t basic xiaohua xiaohuar.com
Created spider 'xiaohua' using template 'basic' in module:
xiaohuar.spiders.xiaohua命令中"xiaohua"

是生成Spider中*.py文件的文件名，"xiaohuar.com"是将要爬取网站的URL，可以在程序中更改。

编写Spider代码

编写E:\ScrapyDemo\xiaohuar\xiaohuar\spiders中的xiaohua.py文件。主要是配置URL和对请求到的页面的解析方式。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.http import Request
import re

class XiaohuaSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 name = 'xiaohua'
 allowed_domains = ['xiaohuar.com']
 start_urls = []
 for i in range(43):
  url = "http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-%s.html" %i
  start_urls.append(url)

 def parse(self, response):
  if "www.xiaohuar.com/list-1" in response.url:
   # 下载的html源代码
   html = response.text
   # 网页中图片存储地址：src="/d/file/20160126/905e563421921adf9b6fb4408ec4e72f.jpg"
   # 通过正则匹配到所有的图片
   # 获取的是图片的相对路径的列表
   img_urls = re.findall(r'/d/file/\d+/\w+\.jpg',html)
   
   # 使用循环对图片页进行请求
   for img_url in img_urls:
    # 将图片的URL补全
    if "http://" not in img_url:
     img_url = "http://www.xiaohuar.com%s" %img_url
    
    # 回调，返回response
    yield Request(img_url)
  else:
   # 下载图片 
   url = response.url
   # 保存的图片文件名
   title = re.findall(r'\w*.jpg',url)[0]
   # 保存图片
   with open('E:\\xiaohua_img\\%s' % title, 'wb') as f:
    f.write(response.body)

这里使用正则表达式对图片的地址进行匹配，其他网页也都大同小异，需要根据具体的网页源代码进行分析。

运行爬虫

E:\ScrapyDemo\xiaohuar>scrapy crawl xiaohua
2017-10-22 22:30:11 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.4.0 started (bot: xiaohuar)
2017-10-22 22:30:11 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'BOT_NAME': 'xiaohuar', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['xiaohuar.
spiders'], 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'xiaohuar.spiders'}
2017-10-22 22:30:11 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2017-10-22 22:30:12 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2017-10-22 22:30:12 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2017-10-22 22:30:12 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2017-10-22 22:30:12 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2017-10-22 22:30:12 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min
)
2017-10-22 22:30:12 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2017-10-22 22:30:12 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.xiaohuar.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2017-10-22 22:30:13 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html> (referer: None
)
2017-10-22 22:30:13 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/1ub3ar0pz3y.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:13 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/b3ulk5gjyuc.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:13 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/3ua4h2am4w1.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:13 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/wyzulc0peyo.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:13 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/bzllg4mzfhi.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/kjgk3wx23os.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/gy5iopomyg3.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/dtyytqdy1pn.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/bw1xnhukzl4.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/14ahqvlj3g4.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/fips2taxhwp.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/zcxofl51ebh.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/guod24eaxkh.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:14 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/o42vvsomv2j.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/gtuefx04sxo.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/v3qsj5ptrzo.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/cyvgcmu3ylk.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/ofionrz3mfi.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/3amqwefve5w.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/3e22qnfy1xn.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/goiolfs3beg.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET /zb_users/upload/202003/qhhl1lbrkaw.jpg> (referer: http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-0.html)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 8785,
 'downloader/request_count': 24,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 24,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 2278896,
 'downloader/response_count': 24,
 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 24,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 22, 14, 30, 15, 892287),
 'log_count/DEBUG': 25,
 'log_count/INFO': 7,
 'request_depth_max': 1,
 'response_received_count': 24,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 23,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 23,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 23,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 23,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 22, 14, 30, 12, 698874)}
2017-10-22 22:30:15 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
scrapy crawl xiaohua

图片保存

在图片保存过程中"\"需要进行转义。

>>> r = requests.get("/zb_users/upload/202003/lanpzbatmig.html")
>>> open("E:\xiaohua_img\01.jpg",'wb').write(r.content)
 File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'unicodeescape' codec can't decode by
>>> open("E:\\xiaohua_img\1.jpg",'wb').write(r.content)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument: 'E:\\xiaohua_img\x01.jpg'
>>> open("E:\\xiaohua_img\\1.jpg",'wb').write(r.content)

以上这篇Scrapy爬虫实例讲解_校花网就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。

Scrapy爬虫实例讲解_校花网

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