Mac中Python 3环境下安装scrapy的方法教程
前言
最近抽空想学习一下python的爬虫框架scrapy，在mac下安装的时候遇到了问题，逐一解决了问题，分享一下，话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧。
步骤如下：
1. 从官网 下载最新版本Python 3.6.3（本地快速下载安装：https://www.jb51.net/softs/583651.html）
# 在Mac上Python3环境下安装scrapy
2. 安装 Python3
在终端输入python3出现下面的内容表示安装成功
➜ ~ python3 Python 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed86e0, Oct 3 2017, 00:32:08) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
输入quit()退出编辑模式
3. 输入 pip install scrapy 执行 scrapy 安装
➜ ~ pip install Scrapy Collecting Scrapy Using cached Scrapy-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting lxml (from Scrapy) Using cached lxml-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl Collecting PyDispatcher>=2.0.5 (from Scrapy) Using cached PyDispatcher-2.0.5.tar.gz Collecting Twisted>=13.1.0 (from Scrapy) Using cached Twisted-17.9.0.tar.bz2 Requirement already satisfied: pyOpenSSL in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Scrapy) Collecting queuelib (from Scrapy) Using cached queuelib-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cssselect>=0.9 (from Scrapy) Using cached cssselect-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting parsel>=1.1 (from Scrapy) Using cached parsel-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting service-identity (from Scrapy) Using cached service_identity-17.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting six>=1.5.2 (from Scrapy) Using cached six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting w3lib>=1.17.0 (from Scrapy) Using cached w3lib-1.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Collecting constantly>=15.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached constantly-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting incremental>=16.10.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached incremental-17.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Automat>=0.3.0 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached Automat-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting hyperlink>=17.1.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached hyperlink-17.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pyasn1 (from service-identity->Scrapy) Using cached pyasn1-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pyasn1-modules (from service-identity->Scrapy) Using cached pyasn1_modules-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting attrs (from service-identity->Scrapy) Using cached attrs-17.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Installing collected packages: lxml, PyDispatcher, constantly, incremental, six, attrs, Automat, hyperlink, Twisted, queuelib, cssselect, w3lib, parsel, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, service-identity, Scrapy Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run prefix=options.prefix_path, File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install **kwargs File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files isolated=self.isolated, File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files clobber(source, lib_dir, True) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 316, in clobber ensure_dir(destdir) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir os.makedirs(path) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs mkdir(name, mode) OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/lxml'
出现 OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/lxml' 错误
4. 尝试重新安装lxml,执行 sudo pip install lxml
➜ ~ sudo pip install lxml The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting lxml Downloading lxml-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (8.7MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.7MB 97kB/s Installing collected packages: lxml Successfully installed lxml-4.1.0 ➜ ~ sudo pip install scrapy The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting scrapy Downloading Scrapy-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (248kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 256kB 1.5MB/s Requirement already satisfied: lxml in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from scrapy) Collecting PyDispatcher>=2.0.5 (from scrapy) Downloading PyDispatcher-2.0.5.tar.gz Collecting Twisted>=13.1.0 (from scrapy) Downloading Twisted-17.9.0.tar.bz2 (3.0MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.0MB 371kB/s Requirement already satisfied: pyOpenSSL in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from scrapy) Collecting queuelib (from scrapy) Downloading queuelib-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cssselect>=0.9 (from scrapy) Downloading cssselect-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting parsel>=1.1 (from scrapy) Downloading parsel-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting service-identity (from scrapy) Downloading service_identity-17.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting six>=1.5.2 (from scrapy) Downloading six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting w3lib>=1.17.0 (from scrapy) Downloading w3lib-1.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Collecting constantly>=15.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading constantly-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting incremental>=16.10.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading incremental-17.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Automat>=0.3.0 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading Automat-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting hyperlink>=17.1.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading hyperlink-17.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (73kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 1.4MB/s Collecting pyasn1 (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 2.8MB/s Collecting pyasn1-modules (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.5MB/s Collecting attrs (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading attrs-17.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Installing collected packages: PyDispatcher, constantly, incremental, six, attrs, Automat, hyperlink, Twisted, queuelib, cssselect, w3lib, parsel, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, service-identity, scrapy Running setup.py install for PyDispatcher ... done Found existing installation: six 1.4.1 DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project. Uninstalling six-1.4.1: Successfully uninstalled six-1.4.1 Running setup.py install for Twisted ... done Successfully installed Automat-0.6.0 PyDispatcher-2.0.5 Twisted-17.9.0 attrs-17.2.0 constantly-15.1.0 cssselect-1.0.1 hyperlink-17.3.1 incremental-17.5.0 parsel-1.2.0 pyasn1-0.3.7 pyasn1-modules-0.1.5 queuelib-1.4.2 scrapy-1.4.0 service-identity-17.0.0 six-1.11.0 w3lib-1.18.0
成功安装lxml-4.1.0
5. 再次尝试安装scrapy，执行 sudo pip install scrapy
➜ ~ sudo pip install scrapy The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting scrapy Downloading Scrapy-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (248kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 256kB 1.5MB/s Requirement already satisfied: lxml in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from scrapy) Collecting PyDispatcher>=2.0.5 (from scrapy) Downloading PyDispatcher-2.0.5.tar.gz Collecting Twisted>=13.1.0 (from scrapy) Downloading Twisted-17.9.0.tar.bz2 (3.0MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.0MB 371kB/s Requirement already satisfied: pyOpenSSL in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from scrapy) Collecting queuelib (from scrapy) Downloading queuelib-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cssselect>=0.9 (from scrapy) Downloading cssselect-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting parsel>=1.1 (from scrapy) Downloading parsel-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting service-identity (from scrapy) Downloading service_identity-17.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting six>=1.5.2 (from scrapy) Downloading six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting w3lib>=1.17.0 (from scrapy) Downloading w3lib-1.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Collecting constantly>=15.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading constantly-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting incremental>=16.10.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading incremental-17.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Automat>=0.3.0 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading Automat-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting hyperlink>=17.1.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading hyperlink-17.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (73kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 1.4MB/s Collecting pyasn1 (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 2.8MB/s Collecting pyasn1-modules (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.5MB/s Collecting attrs (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading attrs-17.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Installing collected packages: PyDispatcher, constantly, incremental, six, attrs, Automat, hyperlink, Twisted, queuelib, cssselect, w3lib, parsel, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, service-identity, scrapy Running setup.py install for PyDispatcher ... done Found existing installation: six 1.4.1 DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project. Uninstalling six-1.4.1: Successfully uninstalled six-1.4.1 Running setup.py install for Twisted ... done Successfully installed Automat-0.6.0 PyDispatcher-2.0.5 Twisted-17.9.0 attrs-17.2.0 constantly-15.1.0 cssselect-1.0.1 hyperlink-17.3.1 incremental-17.5.0 parsel-1.2.0 pyasn1-0.3.7 pyasn1-modules-0.1.5 queuelib-1.4.2 scrapy-1.4.0 service-identity-17.0.0 six-1.11.0 w3lib-1.18.0
6. 执行 scrapy 出现下面错误
➜ ~ scrapy Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/scrapy", line 7, in <module> from scrapy.cmdline import execute File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 9, in <module> from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/scrapy/crawler.py", line 7, in <module> from twisted.internet import reactor, defer File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/reactor.py", line 38, in <module> from twisted.internet import default File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/default.py", line 56, in <module> install = _getInstallFunction(platform) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/default.py", line 50, in _getInstallFunction from twisted.internet.selectreactor import install File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/selectreactor.py", line 18, in <module> from twisted.internet import posixbase File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/posixbase.py", line 18, in <module> from twisted.internet import error, udp, tcp File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/tcp.py", line 28, in <module> from twisted.internet._newtls import ( File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_newtls.py", line 21, in <module> from twisted.protocols.tls import TLSMemoryBIOFactory, TLSMemoryBIOProtocol File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/protocols/tls.py", line 63, in <module> from twisted.internet._sslverify import _setAcceptableProtocols File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py", line 38, in <module> TLSVersion.TLSv1_1: SSL.OP_NO_TLSv1_1, AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'OP_NO_TLSv1_1'
需要更新 OpenSSL 库，执行 sudo pip install --upgrade pyopenssl
➜ ~ sudo pip install --upgrade pyopenssl Password: The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting pyopenssl Downloading pyOpenSSL-17.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (51kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 132kB/s Requirement already up-to-date: six>=1.5.2 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from pyopenssl) Collecting cryptography>=1.9 (from pyopenssl) Downloading cryptography-2.1.1-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl (1.5MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 938kB/s Collecting cffi>=1.7; platform_python_implementation != "PyPy" (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading cffi-1.11.2-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl (238kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 245kB 2.2MB/s Collecting enum34; python_version < "3" (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading enum34-1.1.6-py2-none-any.whl Collecting idna>=2.1 (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading idna-2.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 3.1MB/s Collecting asn1crypto>=0.21.0 (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading asn1crypto-0.23.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (99kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 2.7MB/s Collecting ipaddress; python_version < "3" (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading ipaddress-1.0.18-py2-none-any.whl Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.7; platform_python_implementation != "PyPy"->cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading pycparser-2.18.tar.gz (245kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 256kB 3.6MB/s Installing collected packages: pycparser, cffi, enum34, idna, asn1crypto, ipaddress, cryptography, pyopenssl Running setup.py install for pycparser ... done Found existing installation: pyOpenSSL 0.13.1 DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (pyopenssl) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project. Uninstalling pyOpenSSL-0.13.1: Successfully uninstalled pyOpenSSL-0.13.1 Successfully installed asn1crypto-0.23.0 cffi-1.11.2 cryptography-2.1.1 enum34-1.1.6 idna-2.6 ipaddress-1.0.18 pycparser-2.18 pyopenssl-17.3.0
更新 OpenSSL 成功，再次尝试执行 scrapy
➜ ~ scrapy Scrapy 1.4.0 - no active project Usage: scrapy <command> [options] [args] Available commands: bench Run quick benchmark test fetch Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader genspider Generate new spider using pre-defined templates runspider Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project) settings Get settings values shell Interactive scraping console startproject Create new project version Print Scrapy version view Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy [ more ] More commands available when run from project directory Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command
出现上面内容，表明安装成功。现在可以通过 scrapy 创建一个爬虫项目了
7. 进入到你项目的目录,执行 scrapy startproject firstscrapy创建 firstscrapy 爬虫项目
➜ PycharmProjects scrapy startproject firstscrapy New Scrapy project 'firstscrapy', using template directory '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/scrapy/templates/project', created in: /Users/wangruofeng/PycharmProjects/firstscrapy You can start your first spider with: cd firstscrapy scrapy genspider example example.com ➜ PycharmProjects
出现上面内容表明项目创建成功，但是使用的是2.7版本的Python怎么切换到3.6版本呢？
8. 使用 PyCharm IDE 打开刚才的项目，执行 command + , 打开偏好设置菜单，在Project里面选择 Projiect interpreter 来切换你需要依赖的Python库的版本，配置结束。
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对【听图阁-专注于Python设计】的支持。