numpy判断数值类型、过滤出数值型数据的方法
numpy是无法直接判断出由数值与字符混合组成的数组中的数值型数据的,因为由数值类型和字符类型组成的numpy数组已经不是数值类型的数组了,而是dtype='<U11'。
1、math.isnan也不行,它只能判断float("nan"):
>>> import math >>> math.isnan(1) False >>> math.isnan('a') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: a float is required >>> math.isnan(float("nan")) True >>>
2、np.isnan不可用,因为np.isnan只能用于数值型与np.nan组成的numpy数组:
>>> import numpy as np >>> test1=np.array([1,2,'aa',3]) >>> np.isnan(test1) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: ufunc 'isnan' not supported for the input types, and the inputs could not be safely coerced to any supported types according to the casting rule ''sa fe'' >>> test2=np.array([1,2,np.nan,3]) >>> np.isnan(test2) array([False, False, True, False], dtype=bool) >>>
解决办法:
方法1:将numpy数组转换为python的list,然后通过filter过滤出数值型的值,再转为numpy, 但是,有一个严重的问题,无法保证原来的索引
>>> import numpy as np >>> test1=np.array([1,2,'aa',3]) >>> list1=list(test1) >>> def filter_fun(x): ... try: ... return isinstance(float(x),(float)) ... except: ... return False ... >>> list(filter(filter_fun,list1)) ['1', '2', '3'] >>> np.array(filter(filter_fun,list1)) array(<filter object at 0x0339CA30>, dtype=object) >>> np.array(list(filter(filter_fun,list1))) array(['1', '2', '3'], dtype='<U1') >>> np.array([float(x) for x in filter(filter_fun,list1)]) array([ 1., 2., 3.]) >>>
方法2:利用map制作bool数组,然后再过滤数据和索引:
>>> import numpy as np >>> test1=np.array([1,2,'aa',3]) >>> list1=list(test1) >>> def filter_fun(x): ... try: ... return isinstance(float(x),(float)) ... except: ... return False ... >>> import pandas as pd >>> test=pd.DataFrame(test1,index=[1,2,3,4]) >>> test 0 1 1 2 2 3 aa 4 3 >>> index=test.index >>> index Int64Index([1, 2, 3, 4], dtype='int64') >>> bool_index=map(filter_fun,list1) >>> bool_index=list(bool_index) #bool_index这样的迭代结果只能list一次,一次再list时会是空,所以保存一下list的结果 >>> bool_index [True, True, False, True] >>> new_data=test1[np.array(bool_index)] >>> new_data array(['1', '2', '3'], dtype='<U11') >>> new_index=index[np.array(bool_index)] >>> new_index Int64Index([1, 2, 4], dtype='int64') >>> test2=pd.DataFrame(new_data,index=new_index) >>> test2 0 1 1 2 2 4 3 >>>
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