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本文实例讲述了Python实现字典按key或者value进行排序操作。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

要点：使用到了python的内建函数与lambda函数

代码如下：（可直接复制运行）

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#! python2
print '------定义一个字典d1---------------------------------------'
d1 = {'a':14, 'c':12, 'b':11, 'e':13, 'f':16, 'd':15}
print '------打印d1---------------------------------------'
print d1
print '------遍历字典d1---------------------------------------'
for i in d1:
  print i
print '------遍历字典d1---------------------------------------'
for temp in d1.items():
  print temp
print '------遍历字典的key---------------------------------------'
for key,value in d1.items():
  print key
print '------遍历字典的value---------------------------------------'
for key,value in d1.items():
  print value
print '------遍历字典的key和value---------------------------------------'
for key,value in d1.items():
  print key,value
print '---------------------------------------------'
print '---------------------------------------------'
#
print '------d1.items()与其类型展示---------------------------------------'
res = d1.items()
print 'res = ',res, '\nres type is',type(res)
print '------d1.iteritems()与其类型展示---------------------------------------'
res2 = d1.iteritems()
print 'res = ',res2, '\nres2 type is',type(res2)
print '------d1按value排序（正序：从小到大）---------------------------------------'
res3 = sorted(d1.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[1], reverse=False)
print 'res3 = ',res3
print '------d1按value排序（倒序：从大到小）---------------------------------------'
res4 = sorted(d1.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[1], reverse=True)
print 'res4 = ',res4
print '------d1按key排序（倒序：从大到小）---------------------------------------'
res5 = sorted(d1.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[0], reverse=True)
print 'res5 = ',res5
print '------d1按key排序（正序：从小到大）---------------------------------------'
res6 = sorted(d1.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[0], reverse=False)
print 'res6 = ',res6
print '------d1中取出key排序后生成一个列表---------------------------------------'
res7 = [key for key,value in res6] # 注：res6是d1按key排序（正序：从小到大）的结果
print 'res7 = ',res7
print '------d1中取出value排序后生成一个列表---------------------------------------'
res8= [value for key,value in res3] # 注：res3是d1按value排序（正序：从小到大）的结果
print 'res8 = ',res8

运行结果：

------定义一个字典d1---------------------------------------
------打印d1---------------------------------------
{'a': 14, 'c': 12, 'b': 11, 'e': 13, 'd': 15, 'f': 16}
------遍历字典d1---------------------------------------
a
c
b
e
d
f
------遍历字典d1---------------------------------------
('a', 14)
('c', 12)
('b', 11)
('e', 13)
('d', 15)
('f', 16)
------遍历字典的key---------------------------------------
a
c
b
e
d
f
------遍历字典的value---------------------------------------
14
12
11
13
15
16
------遍历字典的key和value---------------------------------------
a 14
c 12
b 11
e 13
d 15
f 16
---------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
------d1.items()与其类型展示---------------------------------------
res = [('a', 14), ('c', 12), ('b', 11), ('e', 13), ('d', 15), ('f', 16)]
res type is <type 'list'>
------d1.iteritems()与其类型展示---------------------------------------
res = <dictionary-itemiterator object at 0x01271E40>
res2 type is <type 'dictionary-itemiterator'>
------d1按value排序（正序：从小到大）---------------------------------------
res3 = [('b', 11), ('c', 12), ('e', 13), ('a', 14), ('d', 15), ('f', 16)]
------d1按value排序（倒序：从大到小）---------------------------------------
res4 = [('f', 16), ('d', 15), ('a', 14), ('e', 13), ('c', 12), ('b', 11)]
------d1按key排序（倒序：从大到小）---------------------------------------
res5 = [('f', 16), ('e', 13), ('d', 15), ('c', 12), ('b', 11), ('a', 14)]
------d1按key排序（正序：从小到大）---------------------------------------
res6 = [('a', 14), ('b', 11), ('c', 12), ('d', 15), ('e', 13), ('f', 16)]
------d1中取出key排序后生成一个列表---------------------------------------
res7 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
------d1中取出value排序后生成一个列表---------------------------------------
res8 = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]