详解用Python实现自动化监控远程服务器
最近发现Python课器做很多事情，在监控服务器有其独特的优势，耗费资源少，开发周期短。
首先我们做一个定时或者实时脚本timedtask.py，让其定时监控目标服务器，两种方式：
第一种：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc : 定时任务，以需要的时间间隔执行某个命令
# @File : timedtask.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import time, os
from monitorserver import alltask
def roll_back(cmd, inc = 60):
while True:
#执行方法，函数
alltask()
time.sleep(inc)
roll_back("echo %time%", 5)
第二种：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc : 定时任务，以需要的时间间隔执行某个命令
# @File : timedtask.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import time, os
def roll_back(cmd, inc = 60):
while True:
#监控代码文件所在位置
os.system('python /home/../monitorserver.py');
time.sleep(inc)
roll_back("echo %time%", 5)
做过监控应该都知道，我们主要监控服务器，负载均衡、磁盘、内存、CPU、网络接口（流量）、端口代码，主要针对这些，我做了以下远程监控，第一种和第二种监控代码一样，代码monitorserver.py如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc : 服务器监控代码
# @File : monitorserver.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import pexpect
import re
import time
import threading
"""
主方法
127.0.0.1#远程服务器ip地址
"""
def ssh_command(user, host, password, command):
ssh_new_key = 'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'
child = pexpect.spawn('ssh -l %s %s %s' % (user, host, command))
i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, ssh_new_key, 'password: '])
if i == 0:
print 'ERROR!'
print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'
print child.before, child.after
return None
if i == 1:
child.sendline('yes')
child.expect('password: ')
i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'password: '])
if i == 0:
print 'ERROR!'
print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'
print child.before, child.after
return None
child.sendline(password)
return child
"""
内存监控
"""
def mem_info():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/meminfo")
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
mem = child.before
mem_values = re.findall("(\d+)\ kB", mem)
MemTotal = mem_values[0]
MemFree = mem_values[1]
Buffers = mem_values[2]
Cached = mem_values[3]
SwapCached=mem_values[4]
SwapTotal = mem_values[13]
SwapFree = mem_values[14]
print '******************************内存监控*********************************'
print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
print "总内存：",MemTotal
print "空闲内存：", MemFree
print "给文件的缓冲大小:",Buffers
print "高速缓冲存储器使用的大小:", Cached
print "被高速缓冲存储用的交换空间大小:", SwapCached
print "给文件的缓冲大小:", Buffers
if int(SwapTotal) == 0:
print u"交换内存总共为：0"
else:
Rate_Swap = 100 - 100*int(SwapFree)/float(SwapTotal)
print u"交换内存利用率：", Rate_Swap
Free_Mem = int(MemFree) + int(Buffers) + int(Cached)
Used_Mem = int(MemTotal) - Free_Mem
Rate_Mem = 100*Used_Mem/float(MemTotal)
print u"内存利用率：", str("%.2f" % Rate_Mem), "%"
"""
内核线程、虚拟内存、磁盘、陷阱和 CPU 活动的统计信息
"""
def vm_stat_info():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "vmstat 1 2 | tail -n 1")
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
vmstat_info = child.before.strip().split()
processes_waiting = vmstat_info[0]
processes_sleep = vmstat_info[1]
swpd = vmstat_info[2]
free = vmstat_info[3]
buff = vmstat_info[4]
cache = vmstat_info[5]
si = vmstat_info[6]
so = vmstat_info[7]
io_bi = vmstat_info[8]
io_bo = vmstat_info[9]
system_interrupt = vmstat_info[10]
system_context_switch = vmstat_info[11]
cpu_user = vmstat_info[12]
cpu_sys = vmstat_info[13]
cpu_idle = vmstat_info[14]
cpu_wait = vmstat_info[15]
st=vmstat_info[16]
print '****************************内核线程、虚拟内存、磁盘、陷阱和 CPU 活动的统计信息监控****************************'
print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
print "等待运行进程的数量:", processes_waiting
print "处于不间断状态的进程:", processes_sleep
print "使用虚拟内存(swap)的总量:", swpd
print "空闲的内存总量:", free
print "用作缓冲的内存总量:", buff
print "用作缓存的内存总量:", cache
print "交换出内存总量 :", si
print "交换入内存总量 :", so
print "从一个块设备接收:", io_bi
print "发送到块设备:", io_bo
print "每秒的中断数:", system_interrupt
print "每秒的上下文切换数:", system_context_switch
print "用户空间上进程运行的时间百分比:", cpu_user
print "内核空间上进程运行的时间百分比:", cpu_sys
print "闲置时间百分比:", cpu_idle
print "等待IO的时间百分比:", cpu_wait
print "从虚拟机偷取的时间百分比:", st
'''
cpu监控
'''
def cpu_info():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/cpuinfo")
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
cpuinfo = child.before
cpu_num = re.findall('processor.*?(\d+)', cpuinfo)[-1]
cpu_num = str(int(cpu_num) + 1)
print '***************************************cpu监控***************************************'
print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
print u"CPU数目：", cpu_num
li = cpuinfo.replace('\t', '').split('\r')
CPUinfo = {}
procinfo = {}
nprocs = 0
for line in li:
if line.find("processor") > -1:
CPUinfo['CPU%s' % nprocs] = procinfo
nprocs = nprocs + 1
else:
if len(line.split(':')) == 2:
procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = line.split(':')[1].strip()
else:
procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = ''
for processor in CPUinfo.keys():
print "CPU属于的名字及其编号、标称主频:",CPUinfo[processor]['model name']
print "CPU属于其系列中的哪一代的代号:", CPUinfo[processor]['model']
print "CPU制造商:", CPUinfo[processor]['vendor_id']
print "CPU产品系列代号:", CPUinfo[processor]['cpu family']
print "CPU的实际使用主频:", CPUinfo[processor]['cpu MHz']
"""
负载均衡
"""
def load_stat():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/loadavg")
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
loadavgs = child.before.strip().split()
print '************************负载均衡监控****************************'
print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()),"******************"
print "系统5分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[0]
print "系统10分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[1]
print "系统15分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[2]
print "分子是正在运行的进程数,分母为总进程数：",loadavgs[3]
print "最近运行的进程id：", loadavgs[4]
"""
获取网络接口的输入和输出
"""
def ionetwork():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/net/dev")
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
netdata = child.before
li = netdata.strip().split('\n')
print '************************获取网络接口的输入和输出监控****************************'
print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()),"******************"
net = {}
for line in li[2:]:
line = line.split(":")
eth_name = line[0].strip()
# if eth_name != 'lo':
net_io = {}
net_io['Receive'] = round(float(line[1].split()[0]) / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2)
net_io['Transmit'] = round(float(line[1].split()[8]) / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2)
net[eth_name] = net_io
print net
"""
磁盘空间监控
"""
def disk_stat():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "df -h")
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
disk = child.before
disklist = disk.strip().split('\n')
disklists=[]
for disk in disklist:
disklists.append(disk.strip().split())
print '************************磁盘空间监控****************************'
print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
for i in disklists[1:]:
print "\t文件系统：", i[0],
print "\t容量：", i[1],
print "\t已用：", i[2],
print "\t可用：", i[3],
print "\t已用%挂载点：", i[4]
"""
端口监控
一般是远程服务器用户名用户
"""
def getComStr():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "netstat -tpln")
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
Com = child.before
print '******************************端口监控*********************************'
print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), "******************"
print Com
"""
获取网络接口的输入和输出
"""
def cpu():
child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", 'cat /proc/stat | grep "cpu "')
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
child1 = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", 'cat /proc/stat | grep "cpu "')
child1.expect(pexpect.EOF)
cpus = child.before.strip().split()
cpus1 = child1.before.strip().split()
print '************************cpu使用情况****************************'
print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()),"******************"
T1=int(cpus[1])+int(cpus[2])+int(cpus[3])+int(cpus[4])+int(cpus[5])+int(cpus[6])+int(cpus[8])+int(cpus[9])
T2=int(cpus1[1]) + int(cpus1[2]) + int(cpus1[3]) + int(cpus1[4] )+ int(cpus1[5] )+int( cpus1[6] )+ int(cpus1[8] )+ int(cpus1[9])
Tol=T2-T1
Idle=int(cpus1[4]) - int(cpus[4])
print '总的cpu时间1:',T1
print '总的cpu时间2:', T2
print '时间间隔内的所有时间片:', Tol
print '计算空闲时间idle:', Idle
print "计算cpu使用率：",100*(Tol-Idle)/Tol,"%"
"""
第一种执行
"""
def alltask():
try:
threads = []
t1 = threading.Thread(target=mem_info)
threads.append(t1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=vm_stat_info)
threads.append(t2)
t3 = threading.Thread(target=cpu_info)
threads.append(t3)
t4 = threading.Thread(target=load_stat)
threads.append(t4)
t5 = threading.Thread(target=ionetwork)
threads.append(t5)
t6 = threading.Thread(target=disk_stat)
threads.append(t6)
t7 = threading.Thread(target=getComStr)
threads.append(t7)
t8 = threading.Thread(target=cpu)
threads.append(t8)
for n in range(len(threads)):
threads[n].start()
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
"""
第二种执行
"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
threads = []
t1 = threading.Thread(target=mem_info)
threads.append(t1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=vm_stat_info)
threads.append(t2)
t3 = threading.Thread(target=cpu_info)
threads.append(t3)
t4 = threading.Thread(target=load_stat)
threads.append(t4)
t5 = threading.Thread(target=ionetwork)
threads.append(t5)
t6 = threading.Thread(target=disk_stat)
threads.append(t6)
t7 = threading.Thread(target=getComStr)
threads.append(t7)
t8 = threading.Thread(target=cpu)
threads.append(t8)
for n in range(len(threads)):
threads[n].start()
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
监控结果如下：
接下来做的是把监控结果可视化，即可，可惜没时间做，就交给各位了！！！
花了两天时间整理的，分享给大家，希望对各位有帮助！！！
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