python爬虫 爬取58同城上所有城市的租房信息详解
代码如下
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
from lxml import etree
import requests, os
import time, re, datetime
import base64, json, pymysql
from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
ua = UserAgent()
class CustomException(Exception):
def __init__(self, status, msg):
self.status = status
self.msg = msg
class City_58:
'''
58同城的爬虫类，目前就写这两个
出租房url: https://cd.58.com/chuzu/ cd代表成都缩写
二手房url: https://cd.58.com/ershoufang/
'''
font_dict = {
"glyph00001": "0",
"glyph00002": "1",
"glyph00003": "2",
"glyph00004": "3",
"glyph00005": "4",
"glyph00006": "5",
"glyph00007": "6",
"glyph00008": "7",
"glyph00009": "8",
"glyph00010": "9",
}
conn = None
def __init__(self):
self.session = requests.Session()
self.session.headers = {
"user-agent": ua.random
}
self.__init__all_city()
def __init__all_city(self):
'''获取所有城市的名字及缩写的对应关系'''
api = "https://www.58.com/changecity.html"
headers = self.session.headers.copy()
response = self.session.get(api, headers=headers)
html = response.text
res = re.findall("cityList = (.*?)</script>", html, re.S)[0]
res = re.sub("\s", "", res)
dic = json.loads(res)
for k, v in dic.items():
for k1, v1 in v.items():
dic[k][k1] = v1.split("|")[0]
city_dict = {}
def traverse_dict(dic: dict):
for k, v in dic.items():
if k == "海外" or k == "其他":
continue
if isinstance(v, dict):
traverse_dict(v)
city_dict[k] = v
traverse_dict(dic)
other_city = re.findall("independentCityList = (.*?)var", html, re.S)[0]
res = re.sub("\s", "", other_city)
other_city_dic = json.loads(res)
for k, v in other_city_dic.items():
other_city_dic[k] = v.split("|")[0]
city_dict.update(other_city_dic)
self.all_city_dict = city_dict
def spider_zufang(self, city: str = "成都", is_get_all: bool = True):
'''爬取租房信息的爬虫方法'''
assert self.all_city_dict is not None, "获取所有城市信息失败 !"
format_city = self.all_city_dict.pop(city, None)
assert format_city is not None, "{}该城市不在爬取城市之内".format(city)
while True:
self.city = city
# self.file = open("./house_info.json", "a", encoding="utf-8")
start_url = self.__init_zufang(format_city)
# 思路是什么，首先进入区域的租房页面，在该页面中先提取出相应的title，比如经纪人，个人房源等等...
# 我们需要构建出相应的url就可以了
# start_url的格式为 https://cd.58.com/chuzu/ 我们需要转为这样的格式 https://cd.58.com/jintang/hezu/
# 我们访问转化后的地址，再拿去到相应的链接，比如经纪人，个人房源等链接
# 拿到该链接以后，这就是这个分类里的第一页url，我们再对这个链接发生请求，
# 拿到响应体，这里可以写一个while循环，因为我们不知道有多少页，其实也可以知道有多少页，就是在这个响应体中可拿到
# 我的思路就是写一个while循环，判断是否有下一页，有的继续，没有的话直接break
for url_info_list in self.__get_url(start_url):
# 这里的话，最好进行判断一下，因为每个title(值个人房源，品牌公寓等..)不一样的话,可能爬取的策略也不太一样
title = url_info_list[1]
if title in ["个人房源", "安选房源", "经纪人", "热租房源"] or "出租" in title:
self.__spiders_v1(url_info_list)
# pass
elif title == "品牌公寓":
self.__spiders_v2(url_info_list)
pass
elif title == "房屋求租":
# 房屋求租不太想写，数据也不是很多
pass
else:
# 这种情况不在范围内，直接pass掉
continue
if not is_get_all:
return
try:
city = list(self.all_city_dict.keys()).pop()
format_city = self.all_city_dict.pop(city)
except IndexError:
print('全国出租房信息，爬取完毕')
return
def spider_ershoufang(self, city: str = "cd"):
'''爬取二手房信息的爬虫方法'''
pass
def __spiders_v1(self, url_info_list):
"负责处理个人房源，安选房源等等页面的方法"
url = url_info_list[2]
page_num = 1
while True:
time.sleep(2)
print("正在爬取{}-{}--第{}页数据".format(url_info_list[0], url_info_list[1], page_num))
response = self.__get_html_source(url)
# 从html源码中获取到想要的数据
for house_info_list in self.__deal_with_html_source_v1(response):
self.__save_to_mysql(house_info_list, url_info_list)
# 判断是否还有下一页
next_page_url = self.__is_exist_next_page(response)
if not next_page_url:
print("{}-{}爬取完毕".format(url_info_list[0], url_info_list[1]))
return
url = next_page_url
page_num += 1
def __spiders_v2(self, url_info_list):
'''处理品牌公寓的爬虫信息'''
base_url = url_info_list[2]
format_url = self.__format_url_v2(base_url)
page_num = 1
params = None
while True:
print("正在爬取{}--第{}页数据...".format(url_info_list[1], page_num))
time.sleep(2)
url = format_url.format(page_num)
response = self.__get_html_source(url, params)
# 获取到有用的数据 deal_with_html_source_v2
for house_info_list in self.__deal_with_html_source_v2(response):
# self.__save_to_file_v2(house_info_list)
self.__save_to_mysql(house_info_list)
# 获取到下一页的encryptData
encryptData = self.__get_html_encryptData(response)
# 判断是否还有下一页，通过<div class="tip">信息不足，为您推荐附近房源</div>
if not self.__is_exist_next_page_v2(response):
print("{}爬取完毕".format(url_info_list[1]))
return
page_num += 1
params = {
"encryptData": encryptData or "",
"segment": "true"
}
def __save_to_file_v2(self, house_info_list):
'''
:param house_info_list: 关于房子的信息的列表
:param url_info_list: [区域，类型(个人房源，经纪人等等...),url]
:return:
'''
print("房间图片地址>>:", file=self.file)
print(json.dumps(house_info_list[0], ensure_ascii=False), file=self.file)
print("房间描述>>:", file=self.file)
print(json.dumps(house_info_list[1], ensure_ascii=False), file=self.file)
print("房间详情>>:", file=self.file)
print(json.dumps(house_info_list[2], ensure_ascii=False), file=self.file)
print("房间地理位置>>:", file=self.file)
print(json.dumps(house_info_list[3], ensure_ascii=False), file=self.file)
print("获取房间的标签>>:", file=self.file)
print(json.dumps(house_info_list[4], ensure_ascii=False), file=self.file)
print("获取房间的价格>>:", file=self.file)
print(json.dumps(house_info_list[5], ensure_ascii=False), file=self.file)
print(file=self.file)
def __save_to_mysql(self, house_info_list, url_info_list=None):
'''保存到数据库'''
if not self.conn:
self.conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1",
port=3306,
user="root",
password="root",
db="city_58")
self.conn.cursor = self.conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
if not url_info_list:
sql = "insert into zu_house_copy (house_img_url,house_title,house_details,house_address,house_tags,hoouse_price,house_type,city) values (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
house_info_list.append("品牌公寓")
else:
sql = "insert into zu_house_copy (house_img_url,house_title,house_details,house_address,house_tags,hoouse_price,area,house_type,city) values (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
house_info_list.append(url_info_list[0])
house_info_list.append(url_info_list[1])
house_info_list.append(self.city)
row = self.conn.cursor.execute(sql, house_info_list)
if not row:
print("插入失败")
else:
self.conn.commit()
def __deal_with_html_source_v1(self, response):
html = response.text
self.__get_font_file(html)
html = self.__format_html_source(html)
for house_info_list in self.__parse_html_v1(html):
yield house_info_list
def __deal_with_html_source_v2(self, response):
html = response.text
# 源码里的关于数字0123456789都是进行处理过的，我们需要先获取到字体文件
# 我们先获取到字体文件并且保存
self.__get_font_file(html)
# 对源码中的字体进行处理，得到浏览器显示的数据
html = self.__format_html_source(html)
# 开始从页面中提取出想要的数据
for house_info_list in self.__parse_html_v2(html):
yield house_info_list
def __parse_html_v1(self, html):
xml = etree.HTML(html)
li_xpath_list = xml.xpath("//ul[@class='listUl']/li[@logr]")
for li_xpath in li_xpath_list:
house_info_list = []
try:
house_img_url = li_xpath.xpath("div[@class='img_list']/a/img/@lazy_src")[0]
except IndexError:
house_img_url = li_xpath.xpath("div[@class='img_list']/a/img/@src")[0]
house_info_list.append(house_img_url)
# 房间描述
house_title = re.sub("\s", "", li_xpath.xpath("div[@class='des']/h2/a/text()")[0])
house_info_list.append(house_title)
# 房间详情
house_details = re.sub("\s", "",
li_xpath.xpath("div[@class='des']/p[@class='room strongbox']/text()")[0].strip())
house_info_list.append(house_details)
# 房间地理位置
house_address = re.sub("\s", "",
li_xpath.xpath("div[@class='des']/p[@class='add']")[0].xpath("string(.)"))
house_info_list.append(house_address)
# 获取房间的标签
house_tags = "暂无标签"
house_info_list.append(house_tags)
# 获取房间的价格
hoouse_price = re.sub("\s", "",
li_xpath.xpath("div[@class='listliright']/div[@class='money']")[0].xpath("string(.)"))
house_info_list.append(hoouse_price)
yield house_info_list
def __parse_html_v2(self, html):
'''解析页面，拿到数据'''
xml = etree.HTML(html)
li_xpath_list = xml.xpath("//ul[@class='list']/li")
for li_xpath in li_xpath_list:
house_info_list = []
# 房间图片地址，这里只获取了一张，我在想要不要获取多张
# 先空着。。。。。。。。。。。。。
house_img_url = li_xpath.xpath("a/div[@class='img']/img/@lazy_src")[0]
house_info_list.append(house_img_url)
# 房间描述
house_title = li_xpath.xpath("a/div[@class='des strongbox']/h2/text()")[0].strip()
house_info_list.append(house_title)
# 房间详情
house_details = re.sub("\s", "", li_xpath.xpath("a/div[@class='des strongbox']/p[@class='room']/text()")[0])
# house_details = li_xpath.xpath("a/div[@class='des strongbox']/p[@class='room']/text()")[0]
house_info_list.append(house_details)
# 房间地理位置
house_address = re.sub("\s", "", li_xpath.xpath(
"a/div[@class='des strongbox']/p[@class='dist']")[0].xpath("string(.)")) or "暂无地址"
# house_address = li_xpath.xpath( "a/div[@class='des strongbox']/p[@class='dist']/text()")[0]
house_info_list.append(house_address)
# 获取房间的标签
house_tags = ",".join(li_xpath.xpath("a/div[@class='des strongbox']/p[@class='spec']/span/text()"))
house_info_list.append(house_tags)
# 获取房间的价格
hoouse_price = re.sub("\s", "", li_xpath.xpath("a/div[@class='money']/span[@class='strongbox']")[0].xpath(
"string(.)")) or "暂无价格"
house_info_list.append(hoouse_price)
yield house_info_list
def __get_font_file(self, html):
'''从源码中获取到字体文件，并且转为保存，转为TTFont对象'''
try:
b64 = re.findall(r"base64,(.*?)\'", html, re.S)[0]
res = base64.b64decode(b64)
with open("./online_font.ttf", "wb") as f:
f.write(res)
self.online_font = TTFont("./online_font.ttf")
self.online_font.saveXML("./online.xml")
except IndexError:
return
def __format_html_source(self, html):
assert self.online_font, "必须创建字体对象"
assert os.path.exists("./online.xml"), "请先获取到字体文件。"
with open("./online.xml", "rb") as f:
file_data = f.read()
online_uni_list = self.online_font.getGlyphOrder()[1:]
file_selector = etree.HTML(file_data)
for uni2 in online_uni_list:
code = file_selector.xpath("//cmap//map[@name='{}']/@code".format(uni2))[0]
dd = "&#x" + code[2:].lower() + ";"
if dd in html:
html = html.replace(dd, self.font_dict[uni2])
return html
def __format_url_v2(self, url):
'''
:param url: https://cd.58.com/pinpaigongyu/?from=58_pc_zf_list_ppgy_tab_ppgy
:return: https://cd.58.com/pinpaigongyu/pn/{}/?from=58_pc_zf_list_ppgy_tab_ppgy
'''
a = url.split("?")
a[0] = a[0] + "pn/{}"
format_url = "?".join(a)
return format_url
def __is_exist_next_page_v2(self, response):
xml = self.__response_to_xml(response)
try:
_ = xml.xpath("//div[@class='tip']")[0]
return False
except IndexError:
return True
def __get_html_encryptData(self, response):
html = response.text
encryptData = re.findall(r"encryptData\":\"(.*?)\"", html, re.S)[0]
return encryptData
def __get_url(self, start_url: str):
url_set = set()
for area, v in self.area_dict.items():
url = self.__conversion_url(start_url, v)
response = self.__get_html_source(url)
title_dict = self.__get_title_info(response)
for title_name, v in title_dict.items():
# 对于求租、品牌公寓这个url，它是重复的,在这里进行判断判断就好了
if v in url_set:
continue
else:
url_set.add(v)
yield [area, title_name, v]
def __conversion_url(self, url: str, area: str):
'''
:param url: https://cd.58.com/chuzu/
:param area:
:return: https://cd.58.com/区域缩写/chuzu/
'''
lis = url.split("/")
lis.insert(3, area)
return "/".join(lis)
def __init_zufang(self, format_city):
'''首先将所需要的数据的获取到'''
start_url = "https://{}.58.com/chuzu/".format(format_city)
headers = self.session.headers.copy()
response = self.session.get(url=start_url, headers=headers)
self.__get_area_info(response)
return start_url
def __get_html_source(self, url, params=None):
'''通过get方式获取到网页的源码'''
time.sleep(1)
headers = self.session.headers.copy()
try:
if not params:
params = {}
response = self.session.get(url=url, headers=headers, params=params)
return response
except Exception as e:
with open("./url_log_error.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(str(datetime.datetime.now()) + "\n")
f.write(str(e) + "\n")
f.write("error_url>>:{}".format(url) + "\n")
def __response_to_xml(self, response):
try:
xml = etree.HTML(response.text)
return xml
except AttributeError:
raise CustomException(10000, "response对象转换为xml失败,错误的链接地址为>>:{}".format(response))
def __is_exist_next_page(self, response):
'''判断是否存在下一页,存在拿到下一页的链接，不存在返回False'''
xml = self.__response_to_xml(response)
try:
next_page_url = xml.xpath("//a[@class='next']/@href")[0]
return next_page_url
except IndexError:
return False
def __get_area_info(self, response):
'''获取到当前城市的区域'''
xml = self.__response_to_xml(response)
a_xpath_list = xml.xpath("//dl[@class='secitem secitem_fist']//a[not(@class)]")
area_key_list = []
area_value_list = []
for a_xpath in a_xpath_list:
area_key_list.append(a_xpath.xpath("text()")[0])
area_value_list.append(re.findall("com/(.*?)/", a_xpath.xpath("@href")[0])[0])
assert len(area_key_list) == len(area_value_list), "数据不完整"
self.area_dict = {k: v for k, v in zip(area_key_list, area_value_list)}
def __get_title_info(self, response):
'''获取房屋的分类，比如个人房源，合租房，经纪人，热选房源...'''
"listTitle"
xml = self.__response_to_xml(response)
a_xpath_list = xml.xpath("//div[@class='listTitle']//a[not(@class)]")
title_key_list = []
title_value_list = []
for a_xpath in a_xpath_list:
title_key_list.append(a_xpath.xpath("span/text()")[0])
title_value_list.append(a_xpath.xpath("@href")[0])
assert len(title_key_list) == len(title_value_list), "数据不完整"
return {k: v for k, v in zip(title_key_list, title_value_list)}
if __name__ == '__main__':
city_58 = City_58()
city_58.spider_zufang("重庆")
附上数据库爬取的结果
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。
